Cotton tipped swab

Manufactured by Puritan

The cotton-tipped swab is a laboratory equipment item used for collecting and transferring small samples. It consists of a slender, usually wooden, stick with a small wad of cotton attached to one end.

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Lab products found in correlation

Accustain, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Prepfiler bta forensic dna extraction kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Prepfiler forensic dna extraction kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

6 protocols using cotton tipped swab

Evaluating Face Shield Decontamination

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Each face shield part was disinfected according to Appendix A. After adequate drying, a cotton-tipped swab (Puritan Medical Products Company, Guilford, ME) was used to sample each marked spot. Swabs were moistened in sterile PBS and the area was swabbed using a firm sweeping and rotating motion. Organisms were enumerated using the spread-plate technique on BA plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 20-24 hours. Experiments were repeated five times per face shield part (head band, head piece, face shield) and organism (E.coli, S. aureus) for a total of 30 experiments not including positive and negative controls. Decontamination effectiveness was evaluated using the average log10 reduction in colony counts.

Armijo P.R., Markin N.W., Nguyen S., Ho D.H., Horseman T.S., Lisco S.J, & Schiller A.M. (2020). 3D printing of face shields to meet the immediate need for PPE in an anesthesiology department during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(3), 302-308.

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Vaginal Cytology for Estrous Cycle Staging

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A vaginal swab was collected using a cotton-tipped swab (Puritan Medical Products Company, LLC, Guilford, ME) wetted with ambient-temperature physiological saline and inserted into the vagina of the restrained mouse. The swab was gently turned and rolled against the vaginal wall and then removed. Cells were transferred to a dry glass slide by rolling the swab across the slide. The slide was air dried and then stained with ~ 400 mL of stain (Accustain, Sigma-Aldrich) for 45 s. The slides were rinsed with water, overlaid with a coverslip, and viewed immediately at ×20 magnification under bright-field illumination. The stage of the estrous cycle was determined based on the presence or absence of leukocytes and cornified epithelial and nucleated epithelial cells [17 (link)]. Results from vaginal smears of young and old mice are shown in Supplementary Figure 2.

Jiang Z., Zou K., Liu X., Gu H., Meng Y., Lin J., Shi W., Yu C., Jin L., Wang L., Liu X., Sheng J., Huang H, & Ding G. (2020). Aging attenuates the ovarian circadian rhythm. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 38(1), 33-40.

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Estrous Cycle Monitoring and Behavior Analysis in Mice

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Female WT and MT₁KO mice aged 3 months were separated and put into individual cages (33 × 12 × 13 cm). After one week acclimatization, the estrous cycle was monitored by vaginal cytology as described by Byers et al (Byers et al., 2012 (link)). A vaginal swab was collected everyday between ZT5 and ZT7 (ZT: zeitgeber; ZT0: Lights ON) time for 12 consecutive days. A cotton tipped swab (Puritan Medical Products Company, LLC Guilford, ME) was dipped in a 1% saline solution and inserted into the vagina of the mouse. The wetted swab was rolled gently against the vaginal wall and the collected cells were placed onto a slide. The slides were air dried and stained with accustain (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and cells were processed to determine the stage of the estrous cycle.
Mice homecage behaviors were recorded as previously described during the last four days and during vaginal cytology monitoring. The average weight for female mice was 21.14 ± 0.33g (n=16) for WT and 21.00 ± 0.21g (n=16) for MT₁KO mice. Mouse behaviors were analyzed using phenotypic arrays and temporal distribution of behaviors group-based on estrous cycle stage.

Adamah-Biassi E.B., Hudson R.L, & Dubocovich M.L. (2014). Genetic Deletion of MT1 Melatonin Receptors Alters Spontaneous Behavioral Rhythms in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice. Hormones and behavior, 66(4), 619-627.

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Buccal Cell Collection Protocol

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Samples from human subjects were collected with informed consent using the University of Illinois at Chicago protocol (2016_0431). Buccal epithelial cells were collected from multiple donors over the course of the study by swabbing the inside cheek with a sterile cotton-tipped swab (Puritan, Guilford, ME). The cotton tips were removed from the shaft to 500 μl of 1X Accumax™ Cell Dissociation Solution (Innovative Cell Technologies, San Diego, CA and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The swab was removed from the tube and an additional 500 μl Accumax™ was added before a second 15-min incubation at room temperature.

Tang J., Ostrander J., Wickenheiser R, & Hall A. (2019). Touch DNA in forensic science: The use of laboratory-created eccrine fingerprints to quantify DNA loss. Forensic Science International, 2, 1-16.

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Forensic DNA Extraction from Mock Samples

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The DNA from mock crime scene samples was purified using PrepFiler Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for samples on cotton-tipped swabs (Puritan Medical Products Company LLC, Guilford, ME) and PrepFiler BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for chewing gum and cigarette butt paper samples by following manufacturer's recommendation. For all samples, 50 μL of PrepFiler Elution Buffer was used.

Buscaino J., Barican A., Farrales L., Goldman B., Klevenberg J., Kuhn M., Lin F., Nguyen P., Salceda S., Schueren R., Smith C., Troup C., Tsou D., Vangbo M, & King D. (2018). Evaluation of a rapid DNA process with the RapidHIT^® ID system using a specialized cartridge for extracted and quantified human DNA. Forensic science international. Genetics, 34.

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Isolation and Characterization of Commensal Bacteria

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Escherichia coli DH10B strain was grown from glycerol stocks at 37°C in LB overnight with shaking. Commensal bacteria (Chryseobacterium spp.) were cultured from adult female X. laevis using gentle swabbing of dorsal, ventral and limb skin for a total of 15 s with sterile cotton‐tipped swabs (Puritan). Swabs were plated onto Oxoid nutrient agar and incubated at 30°C for 48 h. Colonies were purified by streaking. Two additional bacterial strains were obtained from culture collections in order to characterise the effects of their LPS: Delftia Wen et al 1999 (ICMP 19763) was obtained from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research NZ²¹ and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (DSM‐158, recently reclassified as Cereibacter sphaeroides¹⁹) was obtained from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures). Both were grown on Oxoid nutrient agar and incubated at 30°C.
The identity of the commensal Chryseobacterium spp. isolate was determined by whole genome sequencing and ANI analysis, using the same methods described by Hudson et al.²² The isolate was most closely related to Chryseobacterium sp. MYb7 (ANI 96.7%) and has been deposited in the Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research culture collection as Chryseobacterium XDS4 (ICMP 24359). It is hereafter referred to as Chryseobacterium spp. XDS4.

Chapman P.A., Gilbert C.B., Devine T.J., Hudson D.T., Ward J., Morgan X.C, & Beck C.W. (2022). Manipulating the microbiome alters regenerative outcomes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles via lipopolysaccharide signalling. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 30(6), 636-651.

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