Nexsa g2

The nanomaterials’
morphology was investigated by a field emission scanning electron
microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi SU 6600, Japan). ImageJ was employed to
obtain the Au NP size distribution through a contrast filter. The
calculated diameter of the Au NPs (approximated as a circumference)
was retrieved thanks to the NP areas obtained by ImageJ. XPS analysis
was performed on a Nexsa G2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with an Al
Kα source (photon energy of 1486.7 eV; spot size of 100 μm).
The obtained data were evaluated by using Avantage software and CasaXPS.
High-resolution spectra were scaled using the adventitious carbon
peak as a reference. Raman spectra were collected using a DXR Raman
spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Massachusetts) operating at 633 nm
and 4 mW. The PL spectroscopy measurements were performed on an FLS980
fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments) with double monochromators
on both excitation and emission sides, equipped with an R928P photomultiplier
in a thermoelectrically cooled housing (Hamamatsu Photonics), with
a 450 W xenon arc lamp as the excitation source. Spectral correction
curves were provided by Edinburgh Instruments.

The chemical surface compositions of the pristine (non-plasma-treated) and the ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ plasma-treated (setting given in Table 1 with 2 min exposure time) THV films were analyzed by a thermoscientific Nexsa G2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) XPS system. The instrument used a monochromatized Al Kα X-ray source. The analyzer operated with a pass energy of 20 eV and a step size of 0.100 eV. The ${–\mathrm{CF}}_2$ peak (292 eV [21 (link)]) was used for the calibration of the binding energy (BE) scale.
Likewise, the contact angles with distilled water (WCA) of the THV films were measured using a KRÜSS DSA100 (KRÜSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) drop shape analyzer (liq. vol. 2 µL, drops per setting n = 7).

X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the LSCFP nanofibers were analyzed over a 2θ range of 20°–80° using a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (Smartlab, Rigaku) with CuKα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å). The crystal structures were refined using Smartlab Studio II software package (Rigaku). The microstructure of the nanofibers and cell components was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, S-8230, Hitachi). Morphology and compositional properties of the LSCFP nanofibers were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM, Talos F200X, FEI) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy (Bruker). Surface oxidation states of the LSCFP nanofibers were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Nexsa G2, Thermo Fisher) with the CASA XPS software package. The CO₂-temperature programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD) was performed using an Autochem II 2920 (Micromeritics) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector. Measurements were conducted in a U-type quartz reactor using 0.2 g of sample. The sample was pre-treated in 50 sccm He at 400 °C for 1 h. Then, the CO₂ adsorption experiment was carried out in CO₂ of 50 sccm at 900 °C for 1 h. After cooling the sample to room temperature, the TPD curves were measured in 50 sccm He from room temperature to 900 °C.