Tartrazine

Acrylamide (Am, 99.9%), acryloyl chloride (96%), choline chloride (ChCl, 99%), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, 98%), dichloromethane (DCM, 99.9%, with molecular sieves, water ≤ 50 ppm), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 99%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%, with molecular sieves, water ≤ 50 ppm), 4-(4,6-dimethoxy−1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM, 97%), ethylene glycol (EG, 98%), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, average Mn = 2000), rhodamine B, and tartrazine (yellow dye) were purchased from Macklin. 2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (I₂₉₅₉, ≥98.0%), lithium phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate (LAP, ≥98.0%), lithocholic acid (LCA, >97.0%), N,N’-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBA), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃, ≥99.8%), and triethylamine (TEA, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Aladdin. Acetone, diethyl ether and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangdong, China).

Tartrazine (>95%) was purchased from Macklin (China) and used without any further purification. Sodium sulfate and sodium persulfate used as supporting electrolytes were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide used for adjustment of solution pH were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd. Analytical standards methanol and tert-butanol were purchased from Aladdin (China). BDD and the platinum plate used as the anode material was supplied by NeoCoat (Switzerland) and General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals (Beijing, China), respectively. Graphite felt (GF), supplied by Jiuhua Carbon (Xiangtan, China), was used as a cathode. Distilled water obtained from Watsons was used to prepare all solutions in this study.