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4 protocols using p syk

1

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver

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For histological analysis, liver specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in ethanol, and then embedded with paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) or Masson trichrome. Percent cell death was determined on a computerized grid as we have described10 (link). For immunohistochemical analysis, slides were stained for anti-mouse CD45 (30-F11; BD Biosciences), MPO (polyclonal, Abcam), CD3 (17A2; Biolegend), CD68 (pAB; Abcam), p-Syk (polyclonal, Abcam), as well as anti-human Mincle (AT16E3, Abcam), SAP-130 (polyclonal, Abcam), and p-Syk (polyclonal, Abam). TUNEL staining was performed using a kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA). For immunofluorescent imaging, murine CD45+ NPCs were isolated using CD45 MicroBeads (Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) stained for Mincle (CLEC-4E polyclonal, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) or p-Syk (polyclonal, Abcam), and then detected with donkey anti-goat IgG-PE, goat anti-rabbit IgG-Fitc (both Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and DAPI counterstain (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Light microscopic images were captured with a Zeiss Axioscope 40 microscope/camera system (Zeiss, Thornwood, NY). Immunofluorescent imaging was performed using a LSM 700 confocal microscope and an Axiovert camera (Zeiss). Data was quantified by examining 10 high powered fields (HPFs) per slide.
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2

Subcellular Protein Fractionation and Immunoblotting of Dendritic Cells

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DCs were lysed in 1% Tx-100, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 10 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 50 mM NaF, and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Alternatively, DCs were fractionated into subcellular fractions using a subcellular protein fraction kit (Thermo Scientific, NH, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used (Cell Signaling, unless otherwise stated): p-JAK2, p-STAT5, p-Syk, p-p38, p-Erk, p-Akt, Akt, Src, Syk, beta-actin, beta2-integrin (Abcam, MA, USA), GM-CSF receptor beta-common chain (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), kindlin-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), talin, CD9 (BD Biosciences). After incubation in horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, blots were developed by standard chemiluminescence techniques. All uncropped blots are shown in Supplementary Figure 7.
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Subcellular Protein Fractionation and Immunoblotting of Dendritic Cells

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DCs were lysed in 1% Tx-100, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 10 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 50 mM NaF, and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Alternatively, DCs were fractionated into subcellular fractions using a subcellular protein fraction kit (Thermo Scientific, NH, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used (Cell Signaling, unless otherwise stated): p-JAK2, p-STAT5, p-Syk, p-p38, p-Erk, p-Akt, Akt, Src, Syk, beta-actin, beta2-integrin (Abcam, MA, USA), GM-CSF receptor beta-common chain (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), kindlin-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), talin, CD9 (BD Biosciences). After incubation in horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, blots were developed by standard chemiluminescence techniques. All uncropped blots are shown in Supplementary Figure 7.
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4

Immunoblotting of Signaling Pathways

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Cells were starved for 1 h and then stimulated for the indicated times at 37°C with 10 μg/ml anti-mouse IgM F(ab′)2 antibody (Dianova). Stimulation was stopped with cold PBS and cells were lysed for immunoblot analysis with buffer containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.6), 2 mM MgCl2, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP40, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 mM PMSF, and protease inhibitor mix (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein extracts corresponding to equal cell numbers were loaded onto the SDS-PAGE gel. The samples were then blotted with the following antibodies to H3 (rabbit polyclonal, Abcam); p-Syk (Tyr525/526; rabbit monoclonal; Cell Signaling Technology); p-Lyn (Tyr507; rabbit polyclonal; Cell Signaling Technology); p-Akt (Ser473; rabbit monoclonal; Cell Signaling Technology); and p-44/42 (Erk1/2; Thr202/Tyr204; rabbit monoclonal; Cell Signaling Technology). For Notch2, ILK, Grb2, and FAK immunoblots, cells were lysed as detailed above and samples were blotted with Notch2 antibody (D76A6; rabbit monoclonal; Cell Signaling Technology), ILK antibody (4G9; rabbit monoclonal; Cell Signaling Technology), and Grb2 antibody (Y237; rabbit monoclonal; Abcam), respectively, and Tubulin-HRP (Mouse IgG2b, Proteintech). Immunoblots were developed with Chemidoc Imaging System (BioRad) and analyzed with Image Lab software (BioRad).
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