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8 protocols using 0.45 μm pore size nitrocellulose membrane

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Samples

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Samples were mixed with 4X sample buffer (25 M Tris (pH 6.8), 20% SDS, Glycerol, 100 mg Bromo Blue) containing 100 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), boiled for 5 min and centrifuged at 10000 g for 5 mins. Protein was electrophoresed at 270 V for 25 min on 4–20% polyacrylamide gels (BioRad; USA) and transferred on to 0.45 μm (pore-size) nitrocellulose membranes (BioRad; USA). Membranes were blocked in tris-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween20 (TBS-T) containing 5% low-fat milk powder (Diploma, Australia) for 1 h at room temperature, incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, and incubated with secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temp. All antibodies (BD Biosciences anti- α-syn, catalogue number: 610786, dilution 1:5000; Novus Biological anti-p62/SQSTM1, catalogue number: 3868, dilution 1:2000; Cell Signalling Technology anti-LC3B(D11)-XP, catalogue number: H00008878-MO1, dilution 1:2000) were diluted in TBS-T containing 5% low-fat milk powder. Membranes were washed in TBS-T for 21 min (3 X 7 min) before and after incubation with secondary antibodies. Proteins were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) (BioRad) and visualised with the ChemiDoc (BioRad; USA) and analysed via densitometry (ImageLab 5.2.1, BioRad; USA). Cell lysates were normalised to automated total protein measurement via ChemiDoc stain-free detection software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Progerin

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Whole cell lysates were prepared by dissolving cells in Laemmli Sample Buffer containing 5% of 2-mercaptoethanol (Bio-Rad). Antibodies used for immunoblotting include: anti-progerin26 (link) with 1:500 dilution, and mouse anti-GAPDH (sc-47724; Santa Cruz) with 1:3000 dilution. Protein samples were loaded on 12% polyacrylamide gels (Bio-Rad) and run at 100 V until the dye front reached the bottom of the gel. The proteins were transferred onto 0.45 μm pore-size nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad) using Turboblot (Bio-Rad). Then, blots were probed with primary and secondary antibodies, and images were developed using ECL (Bio-Rad). Image Lab software (Bio-Rad) was used for image capture and analysis. For each experiment, all conditions (control, DMSO vehicle and Everolimus does) run on the same gel. For each gel, values are normalized to control and then the results of the different gels averaged. Complete gels are shown in Fig. S2.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Tumor Cell Lysates

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Tumor cells were homogenized in lysis buffer: PBS containing 10% Triton X-100 (Sigma) with cOmplete™ Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche) for 30 min in ice. Samples were then centrifuged for 15 min at 10,000 rpm 4°C. Protein concentration in the resulting supernatants was quantified using Protein Assay Dye Reagent Concentrate (BioRad) diluted in deionized water. Equal amounts of lysates were fractionated by BioRad mini-PROTEAN TGX 4-15% gels (BioRad) for SMG1 WB or 10% SDS-PAGE for UPF1 and STAT3 and electrotransferred to 0.45μm pore size nitrocellulose membranes (BioRad). After blocking with TBS (BioRad)/0.1% Tween (Sigma)-20/5% milk, the membranes were probed with rabbit anti-mouse SMG1 (Cell Signaling; 1:1,000; clone Q25), rabbit anti-mouse UPF1 (Sigma; 1:200; Polyclonal), mouse anti-mouse STAT3 (Cell Signaling; 1:1,000; clone 124H6), and rabbit anti-mouse β-Actin (Cell Signaling; 1:2,000; clone 13E5) o/n in agitation at 4°C. HRP-linked anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibody (both from Cell Signaling; 1:5,000) were used as secondary antibodies. Protein bands were detected by chemoluminiscence using Amersham™ ECL™ Western Blotting Detection Reagents or Amersham™ ECL™ Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagents (GE Healthcare) in a ChemiDoc device (BioRad).
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4

Radiolabeled Xylose Uptake Assay in Synechocystis

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Synechocystis strains (wild-type and strains harboring the xylAB genes) were grown as described above, until the OD730 reached ∼0.8. Then, 10 ml of the cells were washed thrice with BG-11 medium and OD730 was adjusted to 0.6. Next, 1 ml of the cultures was grown in the presence of 400 nM 14C-labelled xylose [D-(1-14C)] (American Radiolabeled Chemicals) in 10 ml snap-capped glass tubes under similar growth conditions for 1 h. Nine milliliters of BG-11 medium was added to the cultures and they were filtered through a 0.45 μm pore-size nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). The membranes were washed thrice with 10 ml BG-11 medium, air dried, and suspended in 10 ml scintillation fluid (PerkinElmer) for 24 h. Radioactivity was measured using an LS 6500 scintillation counter (Beckman).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Extracts

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Total protein (20 μg) was extracted from BMDCs or exosome pellets lysed with radio-immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) containing fresh protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche, Indianapolis, IN) and was then loaded into each lane and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proteins were then transferred to a 0.45 μm pore-size nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The antibody used in the Western blot assay is shown in Table I.
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6

SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Immunoblotting Assay

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SARS-CoV-2 antigens diluted to 0.5 mg/mL were mixed (v/v) with 2X Laemmli Sample Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) before a heating step of 5 min at 95°C. This preparation and a ladder were dispensed in wells shaped in a 5 % polyacrylamide stacking gel. The protein separation was then performed in a 10% polyacrylamide separating gel with a Mini Trans-blot cell device (Bio-Rad) at 160 V for 90 min. After transferring proteins from the gel to a 0.45-μm-pore size nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad) at 100 V and 15°C for 90 min, the membrane was left at 4°C overnight with 5% non-fat milk powder in Tris buffered saline (TBS) with 0.5% Tween 20 (Euromedex, Souffelweyersheim, France). Blocked strips were incubated with sera diluted at 1:50 for 60 min. Three washes of 10 min were performed before a 90-min incubation of the strips with goat peroxidase-conjugated anti-human IgG/IgM/IgA (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Ely, UK) diluted 1:1000. Three washes of 10 min with TBS buffer with 0.5% Tween 20 were made. Strips were put in contact with ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and the reaction with secondary antibody peroxydases was revealed with a Fusion Fx chemiluminescence imaging system and analyzed with the Fusion software (Vilber, Marne-la-Vallée, France).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Spn Proteins

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Cultured Spn isolates were resuspended by RIPA buffer (Sigma) with proteinase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma) and lysed by the freeze-thaw method. Supernatants were collected, and the protein concentration was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Cell lysates (10 μg) were run on SDS-PAGE gels, and gels were electroblotted to a 0.45-μm-pore-size nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). The membrane was blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin in T-PBS (PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20) for 1 h at room temperature. The membranes were exposed to anti-NPB antibody (PR-1A4.7) (15 (link)) or anti-PspA antibody (1b2.21) for 1 h at room temperature, washed, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (diluted 1:10,000 in PBS-T) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing, the membranes were developed with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) solution (Bio-Rad) and observed by using a ChemiDoc (Bio-Rad).
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8

Western Blot Protein Detection

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Cell lysates samples were separated by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE. The electrophoresed proteins were transferred onto a 0.45 μm pore size nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies for 2 h in room temperature. Monoclonal antibodies against β-actin, clone AC 15 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat # A5441) were used at 1:5000 dilution, anti-Pan actin at 1:2000 dilution (Cytoskeleton, Inc., cat. # AAN01), anti-R-β–actin at 1:1000 dilution (EMD Millipore, cat # ABT 264), anti-Ate1 at 1:2000 dilution. Chemifluorescence visualization was performed with secondary antibodies conjugated with HRP and reagents provided in the BM Chemifluorescence western Blotting kit Mouse/Rabbit (Roche) or the SuperSignal West Femto Chemiluminescence kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). In most cases at least three different exposures with time ranging from 5 s to 1 min on x-ray films were performed and the films showing moderate intensity of chemifluorescence signals were chosen for quantification. The corresponding films were scanned by an Epson 4490 Perfection scanner into grayscale digital files with 1,200 dpi. The densitometry of the protein bands was analyzed with ImageJ (NIH).
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