The tree shrews were trained and tested for self-administration (SA) in standard operant chambers for rats (Med Associates, Inc., St. Albans, VT, USA), which were placed in a sound insulation cubicle. Each chamber was installed with two cue lights in two nose-poking holes (ENV-114M, Med Associates) situated 2 cm above the floor which were equipped with horizontal bars and a house light was located on the opposite wall. The drug solution was delivered through polyethylene tubing, protected by a leash assembly (PHM-120, Med Associates), and the polyethylene tubing connected with a fluid rotary joint (PHM-115, Med Associates), which was poised through the ceiling of the chamber. The drug solution was delivered by a 10 mL syringe in an infusion pump (PHM-100, Med Associates). Lenovo computer with MED PC Software IV (Med Associates) controlled infusions and light presentations and recorded the number of nose pokes.
Med pc 4 software
Manufactured by Med Associates
Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, China
MED-PC IV is a software package designed for the control and data collection of experimental procedures in behavioral neuroscience research. It provides a platform for programming and executing experiments, as well as for analyzing the resulting data.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Phm 100, by Med Associates (7 mentions)
Operant chamber, by Med Associates (7 mentions)
Operant conditioning chamber, by Med Associates (6 mentions)
Env 307w, by Med Associates (5 mentions)
Standard operant chamber, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Env 022v, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Env 250, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Env 307w gfw, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Env 352aw, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Env 025f, by Med Associates (4 mentions)
Operant boxes, by Med Associates (3 mentions)
Env 008ct, by Med Associates (3 mentions)
Env 022m, by Med Associates (3 mentions)
Pc compatible interface, by Med Associates (3 mentions)
Env 007, by Med Associates (3 mentions)
Phm 120, by Med Associates (2 mentions)
Phm 115, by Med Associates (2 mentions)
Env 114m, by Med Associates (2 mentions)
Modular operant test chambers, by Med Associates (2 mentions)
Env 230, by Med Associates (2 mentions)
130 protocols using med pc 4 software
1
Tree Shrew Self-Administration Operant Conditioning
2
Operant Morphine Self-Administration in Tree Shrews
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The tree shrews were trained and tested for morphine self-administration in standard operant chambers (Med Associates, Inc., St. Albans, VT, USA), which were placed in a sound-attenuating cubicle. Each chamber contained two levers (ENV-114M, Med Associates), located 5 cm above the grid floor. Yellow or green paper was placed on the two levers respectively as a visual cue and pink or green feathers was pasted on the lever to attract the tree shrew’s interest. Drug solution was delivered through polyethylene tubing, protected by a leash assembly (PHM-120, Med Associates) and suspended through the ceiling of the chamber from a fluid swivel (PHM-115, Med Associates). Drug was delivered by a 10 ml syringe in an infusion pump (PHM-100, Med Associates). Experimental sessions were controled and recorded using MED PC Software IV (Med Associates).
3
Measuring Lick Behavior in Mice
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A few drops of strawberry milk (6.25g of strawberry Nesquik in 100ml of whole milk) were placed in home cage the day prior to testing. On the first day, food-restricted mice were placed for 30 min in an operant chamber (Med Associates; controlled by MED-PC IV software, RRID:SCR_012156) with access to a sipper dispensing strawberry milk. On the second day, mice were then tethered with FP patch cord and placed in the same chamber for 30 min with a strawberry milk sipper available. Licks were recorded as previously described 90 and time-locked to calcium events, either for all licks or only licks with the specified inter-lick interval (ILI).
4
Operant Methamphetamine Self-Administration Protocol
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Self-administration and subsequent operant tests for behavior (extinction, reinstatement) were conducted based on our previously published publication (Kuiper et al., 2019 (link)). A standard two-lever operant chambers (30.5 × 24 × 21 cm; Med Associates, St. Albans, VT) with retractable levers and cue lights above each lever was used. Operant sessions started 2–3 h after onset of the dark phase, and each operant session lasted a maximum 3 h or until animals earned maximum (25) drug infusions. Meth-self-administration sessions were conducted using a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule of reinforcement such that each response on the active (left) lever resulted in an infusion of 0.04 mg/kg methamphetamine hydrochloride dissolved in sterile saline and a white light above the active lever was illuminated for 6 s; both levers retracted for 10 s after each active response. Responses on the inactive (right) lever were without programmed consequences. All lever responses (active and inactive) and numbers of infusions were recorded (Med Associates, MED-PC IV software, RRID:SCR_012156 ). During extinction and reinstatement, saline was used to fill the infusion lines to prevent negative pressure on the indwelling catheter; a saline syringe remained attached to the line but was not connected to the infusion pump.
5
Passive Avoidance Learning in Mice
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Passive avoidance learning was performed using MED-PC IV software (Med Associates) in a shuttle box equipped with a metal grid floor and a wall separating the box into equal halves—one-half was kept in the dark and the other half was exposed to a bright light. The mice were placed in the lighted chamber, and the latency to enter the dark chamber was recorded. Once the mouse entered the dark chamber, a door separating the two chambers was closed to prevent the mouse from escaping. After a 2-s delay, a 0.3-mA footshock (3 s in duration) was administered, and the mouse was then returned to its home cage. The mice were then given a single recall trial each day 24, 48, and 72 hours after training. In the recall trials, the mice were placed in the lighted chamber for a maximum of 150 s, and the latency to enter the dark chamber was recorded.
6
Automated Active Avoidance Test in Rats
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The active avoidance test was performed from P35 to P38, following the method described by Ichinohashi et al. (25 (link)) using the same equipment. Each rat underwent 20 daily sessions of a shuttle avoidance test for 4 consecutive days. The test was conducted in an automated shuttle box (Med Associates Inc., St. Albans, VT, USA), which was divided into two compartments with independently electrified stainless steel bars as a floor. Each session consisted of presenting a buzzer tone and light stimulation (conditioning stimulus, CS) and an electric shock (unconditioned stimulus, US). Both the CS and the US were presented for 5 s, and the US consisted of a positive half-wave constant current of 0.5 mA. Upon presentation of the CS, the rat could avoid the US by escaping to the other compartment of the shuttle box, thus switching off the CS. The interval between each trial varied from 10 to 90 s (30 s on average). The parameters were analyzed using the MED-PC IV software (Med Associates Inc.,). The avoidance proportion, i.e., the number of sessions in which the rat successfully switched off the alert and avoided electric shock, was evaluated each day.
7
Intracranial self-stimulation in rodents
8
Quantifying Reward-Seeking Behaviors in Mice
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A few drops of strawberry milk (6.25 g of strawberry Nesquik in 100 ml of whole milk) were placed in the home cage the day prior to testing. On the first day, food-restricted mice were placed for 30 min in an operant chamber (Med Associates; controlled by MED-PC IV software, RRID:SCR_012156) with access to a sipper dispensing strawberry milk. On the second day, mice were then tethered with FP patch cord and placed in the same chamber for 30 min with a strawberry milk sipper available. Licks were recorded as previously described97 and time-locked to calcium events, either for all licks or only licks with the specified minimal and maximal inter-lick interval (ILI; 1 to 2 s, 2 to 5 s, 5 to 10 s, 10 to 20 s, or 20+s). Lack of data for one or more ILI bins resulted in the exclusion of 1 VGAT-Cre and 2 VGLUT2-Cre mice from ILI analysis.
9
Standardized Operant Testing Conditions
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SRLT testing was conducted in standard operant boxes housed in sound and light attenuation chambers (Med Associates, US). Food pellets (Noyes, 45 mg, Formula P) were delivered from an automatic pellet dispenser. The houselight and magazine light provided preparatory and imperative cues, respectively. Experimental sessions were controlled and data recorded by programs written in-house using MedPC IV software (Med Associates, UK). Operant boxes were equipped with dummy commutators so that EEG implant tethers could be connected to prevent them from disturbing the implanted animals during testing.
10
Inescapable Footshock Induces Helplessness
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P2rx7+/+ and P2rx7-/- animals were randomly assigned to experimental groups of 23 to 27 mice/group. A standard learned helplessness paradigm was used with slight modifications (Chourbaji et al., 2005 (link)). In this model, multiple inescapable footshocks (IES) are administered, evoking a helpless condition when animals are unable to avoid a negative situation even though it could be evaded. In our experiment, commercial shuttle boxes (Med Associates) were used. During training, mice received IES in one compartment with the door closed (180 trials, 0.15-mA intensity, 2-second duration, 1 to 15-second intertrial interval) on 2 consecutive days (Figure 1A ). Control animals were exposed to the box without receiving IES. The test phase consisted of 30 trials of escapable footshock (0.15-mA intensity, 10-second maximum duration, 30-second average intertrial interval), with the door open from the light onset. In both phases, an initial 5-min habituation period preceded the first trial. Escape failures and latencies were recorded automatically for each trial by MED-PC IV software (Med Associates). In another set of experiments, a higher shock intensity (0.2 mA) during testing phase was also investigated with no change in other parameters (n=6–8). Animals were sacrificed either 6 or 24 hours after the testing session for further experiments.
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