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257 protocols using n n dimethylformamide (dmf)

1

Graphene Fiber Wet-Spinning from GO/DMF

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To obtain a GO/N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution for wet-spinning, the water in purchased GO aqueous (average lateral size of 105.2 μm and 5.1 μm as shown in Supplementary Fig. 10a–e, Hangzhou Gaoxi Technology Co. Ltd) solution was replaced by DMF (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd) via a repeating centrifugation method for at least five times to obtain concentrated GO/DMF liquid crystal solution. Before wet-spinning for fabricating graphene fibres, GO/DMF dope should be treated by removing possible impurities and degassing adequately.
To prepare the GO spinning dope with 70 wt% large-sized GO and 30 wt% small-sized GO, large-sized and small-sized GO solutions with concentration of 0.6 wt% were mixing with a mass ratio of 7:3. The GO mass fraction in the spinning dope is 0.6 wt%.
To prepare the PAN/GO spinning dope with 70 wt% PAN and 30 wt% GO, PAN (molecular weight 250000, Sigma-Aldrich) powder were dissolved in DMF with a mass fraction of 2.8 wt%. The concentration of GO DMF solution was tuned to be 1.2 wt%. Mixing equal parts of PAN and GO solutions obtains the PAN/GO spinning dope with total GO mass fraction of 0.6 wt%.
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2

Synthesis of Lead Halide Perovskites

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All the reagents were used directly without further purification: lead bromide (PbBr2, 99.999%, Aladdin), cesium bromide (CsBr, 99.99%, Aladdin), neodymium bromide hexahydrate (NdBr3. 6H2O, 99.9%, Alfa Aesar), OA (Aladdin), oleylamine (OLAm, Aladdin), and DMF (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent).
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3

Radiolabelled Organic Synthesis Reagents

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Styrene (>99.0%), Ethanol (>99.9%), toluene (>99.0%), acetone (>99.0%), DMF (>99.9%) and DMSO (>99.9%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. PPO was purchased from BBI life sciences. 40K and 3H came from National Institute of Metrology. Deionized water was purified by Direct Q5 pure water system.
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4

Cryoprotectant Storage and Formulation

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CRL (Type VII) was gained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and stored at 0–4°C [22 ]. Trehalose, DMF, gum arabic, and olive-oil were available from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All other chemicals were analytical-regent-grade.
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5

Graphite-Based Phthalate Analysis Protocol

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Graphite powder, KMnO4, NaNO3, H2SO4, HCl, DMF, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-ethyl-N-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The ionic liquids 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [APMIM][Br], 1-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [AEMIM][Br], 1-aminopropyl-3-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imine [APMIM][NTf(2)] and 1-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [AEMIM][NTf(2)] were purchased from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (Lanzhou, China). The standard PAE samples dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPrP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(n-pentyl) phthalate (DNPP), di(n-octyl) phthalate (DNOP) and benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) were purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Incorporation (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic grade acetonitrile, methanol and isopropanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All the aqueous solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ/cm).
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Aerogels

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DMF was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. TPU (Pellethane 2363–80AE) was purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. SSA were obtained from Shenzhen Yidahui Co., Ltd. The average diameter of the aerogels was 12 µm (Figure S14, Supporting Information). The specific surface area (Figure S15, Supporting Information), average pore size (Figure S16, Supporting Information), and contact angle (Figure S17, Supporting Information) of the aerogels were 1057 m2 g−1, 17 nm, and 137.5°, respectively. The anhydrous ethanol was obtained from Kunshan Chengxin Chemical Co., Ltd. All other solvents and reagents were of analytical grade and were used as received.
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7

Synthesis of Pt and Ni Catalysts

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Platinum(II) acetylacetonate [Pt(acac)2], nickel(II)
acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2], and
BA were purchased from Alfa Aesar. DMF and anhydrous ethanol were
purchased from Sinopharm. Nafion solution (5 wt %) and isopropanol
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All of the chemicals were used
as received without further purification. The water (18 MΩ/cm)
used in all experiments was purified through a Milli-Q lab system
(Nihon Millipore Ltd.).
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8

Enzymatic Modification of Lutein via CALB

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Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB, liquid, enzyme activity 5000 U mL−1) was supplied by Beijing Gaoruisen Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Lutein (75%) and succinic anhydride were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Dicyandiamide (DCDA, 99%) and p-nitrophenylpalmitate (p-NPP, Aldrich, 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Chromatographically pure methyl alcohol, acetonitrile, and acetic acid were purchased from Merck Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The BCA Protein Assay Kit was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). GA solution (25%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chloroform, methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone, and DMF were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Compounds

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ILs, C12mimCl (purity > 99%), BmimBF4 (purity > 99%), BmimOTf (purity > 99%), BmimPF6 (purity > 99%) and BmimClO4 (purity > 99%) were purchased from the Centre of Green Chemistry and Catalysis, LICP, CAS. Organic salts TBABF4 (purity > 99%) and TBAPF6 (purity > 99%) were also obtained from this company. ZnCl2 (A. R. grade), KCl (A. R. grade), K3Fe(CN)6 (A. R. grade), glycerol (A. R. grade), acetonitrile (A. R. grade), methanol (A. R. grade), DMF (A. R. grade), metal foils (Au, Ag, Pt, Fe, Zn and Cu, purity > 99.99%) were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, P. R. China. 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC, purity > 99%) were obtained from J & K Scientific Ltd. Toray Carbon Paper (CP, TGP-H-60, 19 × 19 cm) and Nafion N-117 membrane (0.180 mm thick, ≥0.90 meg g–1 exchange capacity) were purchased from Alfa Aesar China Co., Ltd. Before used, the ILs were dried in vacuum oven at 80 °C for 48 h and the water content was less than 0.1 wt% as determined by Karl-Fischer method.25
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10

Synthesis of Poly(γ-CD-g-HEMA) Copolymers

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γ-CD (Wako, Japan) and PPO-PEO-PPO (comprised of a central block of 90 PEO units and two flank blocks of 5 PO units having Mn = 4580 (Zhejiang Huangma Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd, China)) were used as received without further purification. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (TCI, Japan) was passed over a short basic alumina column to remove the inhibitor before polymerization. N,N,N’,N”,N”-penta-methyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate were purchased from Sigma, USA. Both 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were available from Alfa Aesar, USA. Triethylamine (TEA) (VAS Chemical Reagents Company, China) was refluxed with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and distilled under vacuum. Copper(I) chloride (Cu(I)Cl) was prepared from CuCl2, purified by stirring in hydrochloric acid, washed with methanol and finally dried under vacuum prior to use. CH2Cl2 was stirred with CaH2 and distilled under reduced pressure. DMF was supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company, China and used without further purification. All other solvents and reagents were of analytical grade.
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