been estimated based on the monitored glucose level in culture medium
by the BioMaxima-glucose enzymatic assay (BioMaxima, PL). 1.0 mL of
BioMaxima reagent was mixed with 20 μL of filtered (syringe
filters, ϕ = 0.2 μm) culture medium gathered from the
cultures (in the case of the test sample) or with 20 μL of double-distilled
water (in the case of the blank sample). Next, all samples were incubated
for 20 min at room temperature before absorbance measurements using
a GENESYS 20 UV–VIS spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
US) at 550 nm. Based on absorbance, the glucose concentrations were
calculated. Finally, values of the glucose consumption rate normalized
by the average concentration of glucose were determined according
to the following equation: where rglc is the glucose consumption
rate and Cglc, i and Cglc, j are
the glucose concentrations in the culture medium
at time stamps i and j (for j > i).