Thioctic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Thioctic acid, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a naturally occurring compound that functions as an essential cofactor for several key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. It plays a crucial role in the conversion of food into cellular energy. Thioctic acid is commonly used as a laboratory reagent in various biochemical and analytical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

9 protocols using thioctic acid

Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Detection Protocol

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Anti-aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B1 (Fig. 1), thiourea, thioctic acid, tyramine, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim,Germany), 1-dodecanethiol was obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, USA), . All other chemicals used were of analytical grade. All buffers were prepared from water treated with a MilliQ system from Millipore (Bedford MA, USA). This treated water is called MilliQ water in the rest of this paper. The buffers were filtered and degassed before use.
Samples from contaminated Brazilian nuts containing contaminated and non-contaminated nuts were kindly provided by Tahuamanu S.A. Company (Pando,Bolivia).

Gutierrez R A.V., Hedström M, & Mattiasson B. (2015). Screening of self-assembled monolayer for aflatoxin B1 detection using immune-capacitive sensor. Biotechnology Reports, 8, 144-151.

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Detecting Aflatoxin B1 in Nuts

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Anti-aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B1, thioctic acid, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), sodium cyanoborohydride, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), 1-dodecanethiol was obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade. All buffers were prepared with water treated via a MilliQ system (18 ΩM cm) (Bedford MA, USA), in the rest of this paper called MilliQ water. The buffers were filtered and degassed before use. Sample from Brazilian nuts containing contaminated and non-contaminated nuts were kindly provided by Tahuamanu S.A. Company (Pando, Bolivia).

Gutierrez R. A.V., Hedström M, & Mattiasson B. (2016). Bioimprinting as a tool for the detection of aflatoxin B1 using a capacitive biosensor. Biotechnology Reports, 11, 12-17.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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In this article, materials used in experiments as received without further purification, including cesium iodide (CsI, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), lead iodide (PbI₂, Xi’an Polymer Light Technology), methylammonium chloride (MACl, Xi’an Polymer Light Technology), materials for charge transporting layers (SnO₂ (15 wt% colloidal dispersion, Alfa), 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9’-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD, Xi’an Polymer Light Technology), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI, 99.95%, Sigma-Aldrich), thioctic acid (TA, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich). The solvents, including Chlorobenzene (CB, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), isopropanol (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile (ACN, 99.95%, Sigma-Aldrich), tBP (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich)). Besides, formamidinium iodide (FAI, Dyesol) was further purified after purchasing.

Zhang Y., Zhou C., Lin L., Pei F., Xiao M., Yang X., Yuan G., Zhu C., Chen Y, & Chen Q. (2023). Gelation of Hole Transport Layer to Improve the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano-Micro Letters, 15, 175.

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Electrochemical Biosensor Fabrication

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Thioctic acid, sodium phosphate (monobasic and dibasic), mouse IgG, anti-mouse IgG antibody (ap124), HRP-conjugated-goat anti-mouse IgG (a5278), TWEEN 20, H₂O₂), C, and N-hydroxysulosuccinimide sodium salt (NHS) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MES buffered saline packs and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride) (EDC) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) was produced by a Nanopure-UV four-stage purifier (Barnstead International, Dubuque, IA, USA); the purifier was equipped with a U.V. source and a final 0.2 μm filter. Ultrapure water was used in all aqueous solutions. Screen-printed electrodes were obtained from Conductive Technologies Inc. (York, PA, USA) and Metrohm DropSens (Oviedo, Asturias, Spain) (models DRP-250BT and DRP-110SWCNT).

Rafat N., Satoh P., Calabrese Barton S, & Worden R.M. (2020). Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Studies on an Electrochemical Immunosensor. Biosensors, 10(10), 144.

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Thioctic Acid and HPMC Formulation

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Thioctic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO). Glatiramer acetate was purchased from NATCO Pharma Limited (NATCO House, Hyderabad, India). 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) was procured from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.

Alhakamy N.A., Mohamed G.A., Fahmy U.A., Eid B.G., Al-Rabia M.W., Khedr A.I., Nasrullah M.Z., Ibrahim S.R., Abdel-Naim A.B., Ahmed O.A, & Md S. (2022). Thioctamer: a novel thioctic acid–glatiramer acetate nanoconjugate expedites wound healing in diabetic rats. Drug Delivery, 29(1), 1776-1784.

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Functionalization of Quantum Dots

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Commercial CdSe/ZnS octadecylamine (ODA)-capped QDs suspended in hexane with emission at 620 nm and core/shell diameter of 6.2 nm (NN-Labs, Fayetteville, AR) were used in this study. Glutathione (GSH, 98%), thioctic acid (98%), cysteamine hydrochloride (CYS, 98%), polyethylenimine (PEI, MW 25,000) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Other organic solvents used were of analytical reagent grades.

Zheng H., Mortensen L.J., Ravichandran S., Karen B, & DeLouise L.A. (2017). Effect of nanoparticle surface coating on cell toxicity and mitochondria uptake. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology, 13(2), 155-166.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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Isobutyl chloroformate, thioctic acid, 4-methylmorpholine (MMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole, tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Silver nitrate (AgNO₃), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ascorbic acid (AA), and trisodium citrate were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Polyethyleneglycol (PEG, MW 5000) was obtained from Jenkem Technology Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). All chemicals were used without further purification, unless otherwise stated.

Li S.S., Guan Q.Y., Zheng M., Wang Y.Q., Ye D., Kang B., Xu J.J, & Chen H.Y. (2017). Simultaneous quantification of multiple endogenous biothiols in single living cells by plasmonic Raman probes †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The synthetic route, 1H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, and LC-MS spectra of the Raman reporter, the TEM micrograph and UV-vis extinction spectra of AuNSs, the Raman spectra of Cys, Hcy and GSH modified AuNSs/PEG, the Raman spectra of PRPs reacted with different concentrations of Cys, Hcy or/and GSH over time, the scatter plot of the PC1 vs. PC2 scores of the Cys product, Hcy product, GSH product and mixed product, the calibration curve for three constituents and two constituents, the changes of ΔC N in the presence of diverse amino acids, the real-time Raman spectra of PRPs reacted with Cys, Hcy and GSH in cell lysis, the Raman spectra of three product samples, and the localized electronic field of AuNSs against distance. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03218h. Chemical Science, 8(11), 7582-7587.

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Synthesis and Functionalization of Quantum Dots

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QD were prepared using a stepwise approach consisting of core CdSe nanocrystal growth, overcoating with five layers of ZnS, size selective precipitation, and surface ligand exchange and purification [36 (link)]. Growth of nanocrystals was monitored by a change in the absorption spectrum by UV–VIS spectroscopy. QD were made water soluble through exchanging the native capping shell (trioctylphosphine (TOP)/trioctylphosphine oxide(TOPO)/hexadecylamine) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) with freshly prepared DHLA [4 (link)] . DHLA was prepared by ring opening of the DHLA precursor, thioctic acid (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) using NaBH₄ (Fisher, Waltham, MA) as a reducing agent in aqueous solution (Figure 2) [4 (link),46 (link)] followed by DHLA distillation to remove impurities. The QD morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy.

Brandt Y.I., Mitchell T., Smolyakov G.A., Osiński M, & Hartley R.S. (2015). Quantum dot assisted tracking of the intracellular protein Cyclin E in Xenopus laevis embryos. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 13, 31.

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Tetrodotoxin Quantification Assay

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The TTX standard was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). TTX standard solution was prepared at 1 mg mL -1 in 10 mM acetic acid. The anti-TTX monoclonal antibody (mAb) TX-7F was produced as previously described [25, 36] . DithiolalkanearomaticPEG6-COOH (carboxylate-dithiol) was purchased from Sensopath Technologies (Bozeman, USA). Anti-mouse IgG (whole molecule)-horseradish peroxidase antibody produced in rabbit (IgG-HRP), bovine serum albumin (BSA), ethanolamine, ethylendiamine, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formaldehyde solution (37%), 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid hydrate (MES), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), potassium chloride, potassium hexacyanoferrate II, potassium hexacyanoferrate III, potassium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate monobasic, thioctic acid, TMB liquid substrate, TMB enhanced one component HRP membrane substrate and Tween-20 were all supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Tres Cantos, Spain). HBS-EP buffer (0.01 M HEPES, 0.15 M NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, and 0.005% Surfactant P20, pH 7.4) was provided by GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK). Maleimide-activated plates were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain).

Reverté L., Campbell K., Rambla-Alegre M., Elliott C.T., Diogène J, & Campàs M. (2017). Immunosensor array platforms based on self-assembled dithiols for the electrochemical detection of tetrodotoxins in puffer fish. Analytica chimica acta, 989.

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