Castor oil (CO) (Ricinus communis) was purchased from Químicos Campota and Co., Ltd. (Bogotá, Colombia). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), low-molecular-weight chitosan (Ch, with a percentage of deacetylation between 75–85%), and porcine liver esterase (18 units mg−1) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pentaerythritol was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Triethanolamine (TEA) was obtained from BASF (Bogotá, Colombia). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2.5% trypsin (10×), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, 1×) were obtained from Gibco/Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Eurobio (Les Ulis, France). Triton® X-100 was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit was provided by Promega (Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, USA). L-929 mouse subcutaneous connective tissue fibroblasts cells (ATCC® CCL-1) and Adult human dermal fibroblast HDFa (ATCC® PCS-201-012™) were also used.
Pentaerythritol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom
Pentaerythritol is a chemical compound used as a raw material in the production of various industrial products. It is a four-carbon sugar alcohol with the chemical formula C(CH2OH)4. Pentaerythritol is commonly used as a crosslinking agent, lubricant, and plasticizer in a variety of applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
1 4 cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Irganox 1425, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
ε caprolactone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Low molecular weight chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Eurobio Scientific (2 mentions)
Isophorone diisocyanate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Porcine liver esterase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Stannous octoate sn oct 2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tin 2 2 ethylhexanoate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2 h tetrazolium bromide mtt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cytotox 96 non radioactive cytotoxicity assay kit, by Promega (1 mentions)
Cacl2 2h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Znso4.7h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
30 protocols using pentaerythritol
1
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Castor Oil-based Polyurethane
2
Synthesis and Evaluation of Carboxylate Stabilizers
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PFAD was supplied by Tunas Baru Lampung Company, a palm cooking oil company in Indonesia. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.0%, Merck), calcium chloride (CaCl2⋅2H2O, 99.0%, Merck), and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4⋅7H2O, 99.5%, Merck) were used for synthesizing sodium, calcium, and zinc carboxylates, respectively. Pentaerythritol (C5H12O4, 98%, Merck) was used as a costabilizer. The PVC resin used for the thermal stability test was supplied by Asahimas Chemical Company, Cilegon, Banten Province, Indonesia. The PVC resin has a k value of 65 with a white appearance, degree of polymerization of 1030 ± 40, bulk density of 0.5 g/ml, and 100% passing particle size of 80 mesh.
3
Castor Oil-based Polyurethane Biomaterials
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Castor (Ricinus communis) oil was purchased from Químicos Campota and Co. Ltd. (Bogotá, Colombia). Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL) (average molecular weight of 2000 g mol−1), low molecular weight chitosan (Ch) (with a percentage of deacetylation between 75–85%), n-octane, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.1 M NaOH, porcine liver esterase (18 units mg−1), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pentaerythritol was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: Dulbecco’s Phosphate-buffered saline), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2.5% trypsin (10×), penicillin-streptomycin (10,000 units of penicillin and 10,000 μg of streptomycin per milliliter), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, 1×), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, Live/dead® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, Alexa Flour™ 488 phalloidin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 026:B6) were obtained from Gibco/Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Eurobio (Les Ulis, France).
4
Synthesis of PEO-Grafted Polycaprolactone
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ε-Caprolactone (ε-CL, TCI, Japan) was dried over CaH2 and distilled under reduced pressure prior to use. Methoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (MeO-PEO, Aldrich, Germany, Mn = 550, 2000 and 5000 g mol−1) were dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene. Maleic anhydride (Aldrich, Germany) was recrystallized from toluene and dried in vacuum for 24 h. Methylene chloride was dried by refluxing over CaH2 followed by distillation. Toluene was dried by refluxing over sodium-benzophenone complex. Stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2, Aldrich, Germany], pentaerythritol (Aldrich, Germany), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (Across Organics, USA), trimethylamine (Daijung, Korea) were used without further purification. The solvents – dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, acetonitrile (ACN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF) – all HPLC grade, were used as received.
5
Synthesis of Polymeric Brushes via ATRP
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n-Butyl acrylate (BA, 99%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was passed through basic alumina column to remove radical inhibitors prior to use. Anisole (Aldrich, 99%), nitrosobenzene (NBz, 99%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BiBBr, 98%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), pentaerythritol (for synthesis Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), tin (II) ethylhexanoate (Sn(EH)2, 98%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), tetrahydrofuran (THF, ACS grade, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA), copper(II) bromide (CuBr2, 99%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, ACS grade, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA), deuterated chloroform (CDCl3, 99.8%, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Tewksbury, MA, USA), and tris [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as received.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoresponsive Polymeric Micelles
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Methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane
(DCM), chloroform, and isopropyl alcohol were obtained from Fisher
Scientific (Pittsburgh, USA). Pentaerythritol, ε-caprolactone,
methacrylic anhydride (MAAn), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide/2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone
blend (photoinitiator), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, β-carotene,
triethylamine (TEA), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, UK). Hypermer B246 (the surfactant) was provided
as a gift by Croda. PCL pellets were purchased from Capa 6500 and
used as they were received (Perstorp Holding AB, Sweden).
(DCM), chloroform, and isopropyl alcohol were obtained from Fisher
Scientific (Pittsburgh, USA). Pentaerythritol, ε-caprolactone,
methacrylic anhydride (MAAn), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide/2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone
blend (photoinitiator), tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, β-carotene,
triethylamine (TEA), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, UK). Hypermer B246 (the surfactant) was provided
as a gift by Croda. PCL pellets were purchased from Capa 6500 and
used as they were received (Perstorp Holding AB, Sweden).
7
Crude Wood Rosin Paperboard Adhesive
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A crude wood rosin (CWR) sample isolated from pine stumps via hexane extraction was obtained from IVA Rosin Biomass company, Edremit, Turkey. The acid number of the CWR sample was 219 mg KOH/g (ASTM D664). Fumaric acid (CAS: 110-17-8) and pentaerythritol (CAS: 115-77-5) samples were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A cationic starch ether sample was purchased from Solbond PC50 (cationic cook-up potato starch CAS: 56780-58-6). As base paper samples, a white top paperboard, linerboard (unbleached), and white kraft (WK) paper were selected.
8
Synthesis of Rosin-Based Polyester Resin
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Example 18
Tall oil rosin SYLVAROS® 90 (600 g, acid number 175 mg KOH/g rosin) was charged into a four-necked flask (1 L) and heated to 190° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the rosin was completely melted, the resulting solution was mechanically stirred. Pentaerythritol (76.292 g), 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (99% purity, CAS Number 1076-97-7, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich) (39.0 g) and Irganox® 1425 (1.5 g) were added and subsequently the reaction mixture was heated to 295° C. (heating rate of 30° C./hour). The formed water was allowed to escape as vapor during the esterification reaction. After 12 hours at 295°, residual rosin acids and other volatiles were stripped off during two hours of nitrogen sparging and the reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 200° C. The product was discharged. The obtained rosin ester 18 exhibited a softening point of 115.7° C., an acid number of 4.6 mg KOH/g rosin ester, a hydroxyl number of 0.2 mg KOH/g rosin ester, an Mz value of 6631 g/mol, an Mw value of 3141 g/mol, an Mn value of 1672 g/mol, a Tg of 63.9° C. and a color of 7.8 Gardner (neat).
9
Synthesis of Rosin Ester with Pentaerythritol
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Example 15
Tall oil rosin SYLVAROS® 90 (600 g, having an acid number of 175 mg KOH/g rosin was charged into a four-necked flask (1 L) and heated to 190° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the rosin was completely melted, the resulting solution was mechanically stirred. Pentaerythritol (65.644 g), 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (99% purity, CAS Number 1076-97-7, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich) (21.0 g) and Irganox® 1425 (1.5 g) were added and subsequently the reaction mixture was heated to 295° C. (heating rate of 30° C./hour). The formed water was allowed to escape as vapor during the esterification reaction. After 12 hours at 295° C., residual rosin acids and other volatiles were during two hours of nitrogen sparging and the reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 200° C. The product was discharged. The obtained rosin ester 15 exhibited a softening point of 114.3° C., an acid number of 4.5 mg KOH/g rosin ester, a hydroxyl number of 0.1 mg KOH/g rosin ester, an Mz value of 3876 g/mol, an Mw value of 2250 g/mol, an Mn value of 1406 g/mol, a PAN value of 9.8%, and a color of 7.8 Gardner (neat). The percentage of esterified dehydroabietic acid in rosin ester 15 was 31.6 by weight, based upon the total weight of the obtained rosin acids, after rosin ester hydrolysis.
10
Synthesis of Rosin-Based Ester with Pentaerythritol
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Example 15
Tall oil rosin SYLVAROS® 90 (600 g, having an acid number of 175 mg KOH/g rosin was charged into a four-necked flask (1 L) and heated to 190° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the rosin was completely melted, the resulting solution was mechanically stirred. Pentaerythritol (65.644 g), 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (99% purity, CAS Number 1076-97-7, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich) (21.0 g) and Irganox® 1425 (1.5 g) were added and subsequently the reaction mixture was heated to 295° C. (heating rate of 30° C./hour). The formed water was allowed to escape as vapor during the esterification reaction. After 12 hours at 295° C., residual rosin acids and other volatiles were during two hours of nitrogen sparging and the reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to 200° C. The product was discharged. The obtained rosin ester 15 exhibited a softening point of 114.3° C., an acid number of 4.5 mg KOH/g rosin ester, a hydroxyl number of 0.1 mg KOH/g rosin ester, an Mz value of 3876 g/mol, an Mw value of 2250 g/mol, an Mn value of 1406 g/mol, a PAN value of 9.8%, and a color of 7.8 Gardner (neat). The percentage of esterified dehydroabietic acid in rosin ester 15 was 31.6 by weight, based upon the total weight of the obtained rosin acids, after rosin ester hydrolysis.
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