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231 protocols using spss software version 27

1

Musculoskeletal Health Determinants

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Since 25(OH)D, TRACP-5b, and PTH were not normally distributed, these values were treated as log (25(OH)D), log (TRACP-5b), and log (PTH). Participants were classified into quartiles of fat mass and muscle mass, ranging from Q1 to Q4. Trends in SI among fat mass groups (FMQ1, FMQ2, FMQ3, and FMQ4) and muscle mass groups (MMQ1, MMQ2, MMQ3, and MMQ4) were evaluated using linear regression analysis. We applied Pearson’s product-moment correlations to assess for correlation among SI, fat mass, muscle mass, log (25(OH)D), log (TRACP-5b), log (PTH), and grip strength. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of fat mass and muscle mass on SI, with adjustment for age, height, comorbidity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise (Model 1) [11 (link), 28 (link), 29 (link)]. We added log (25(OH)D), log (TRACP-5b), log (PTH), and grip strength to model 1 (model 2) [30 (link)–32 (link)]. Statistical significance was set at p  < 0 .05. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 27 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression

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All data were compiled from a minimum of 3 replicate experiments and expressed as mean  ±  SD. Statistical significance (P < .05) was tested for by 1-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. In case of tissue arrays, a Mann–Whitney U test was conducted to compare the RCCs and normal adjacent tissues and Spearman rank correlation to compare between stages and H-scores with SPSS software, version 27 (SPSS Inc.).
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3

Oxygen Therapy Outcomes in Preterm Infants

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The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test and found to be non-normally distributed. Data were presented as median and range. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to determine if differences in SA in infants that were discharged on supplemental oxygen versus the ones that did not and in infants with severe BPD versus the ones with mild/moderate BPD were statistically significant. Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis was utilised to assess the strength of relationships between the SA and the gestational age, birth weight, birth weight z-score, duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of inpatient oxygen therapy. The relationship of the SA with the duration of inpatient supplemental oxygen was graphically depicted with linear regression analysis. The ability of the adjusted SA index to predict the need for supplemental home oxygen at discharge was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 27 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
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4

Determinants of Sleep Quality and Hygiene

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Statistical data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 27. First, overall scores and descriptive statistics were calculated for the scales: PSQI, knowledge of sleep hygiene, and knowledge of diet and supplementation. At this stage, detailed scores for the 6 subscales of the PSQI were also calculated, and an analysis of the distribution normality was performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A correlation analysis was then conducted using Pearson’s R coefficient between all variables in the study. The cut-off points used for the correlation coefficient were as follows: <0.40 as low, 0.40–0.69 as moderate, and ≥0.70 as high correlation. A p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. In the next step, a linear regression analysis for general sleep quality (PSQI) was conducted by including predictors such as knowledge of sleep hygiene, knowledge of diet and supplementation, use of medications, and use of supplements. The same relationships were tested for the overall PSQI by respondents’ education and place of residence. Moreover, additional detailed analyses were conducted for the particular component of sleep quality.
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5

Persistent Nocturnal Asthma and Functional Health

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Using SPSS software version 27, we conducted bivariate analyses (Chi-Square, non-parametric T-tests) to explore the relationship between persistent nocturnal asthma symptoms and functional health measures, including physical activity limitation, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and school absenteeism. Controlling for daytime asthma symptoms, weight status, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and smoke exposure, we also conducted multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis to explore the independent relationship of persistent nocturnal asthma symptoms and functional health measures. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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6

Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants in India

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We conducted an analysis using data from NFHS-5, focusing on participants aged 18 years and older, and incorporated individual sampling weights. Our study explored the relationships between several dependent variables: ever-measured blood pressure, prehypertension prevalence, and raised blood pressure, in relation to various determinants. Our approach involved determining sample sizes N), estimating prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and calculating adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their respective 95% CIs.
We went beyond estimating proportions and visualized the data on a color-coded map of India, categorizing it into ranges based on prevalence distributions across all districts. This visualization enabled straightforward geographical comparisons. We employed multivariate logistic regression analysis at both state and district levels and set statistical significance at p < 0.05. Our results were presented in tabular form, highlighting factors associated with either “Higher odds” H) or “Lower odds” L) based on the odds ratios. For data analysis, we utilized SPSS software version 27 and employed a data wrapper for visualization purposes.
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7

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean separation using Duncan’s multiple range test with reference to the probability level of 0.05, using the SPSS software version 27. The data expressed in percentage were subjected to angular transformation before processing.
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8

Genetic Diversity Exploration through Allelic Profiling

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The Allelic data set was codified by numeric scores, distinguished from 0 (absence of any allele), 1 (heterozygosity), 2 (homozygosity). The matrix generated from the following annotations was used for the sub-mentioned statistical analysis and is available in the H2020 BRESOV repository on the Zenodo database and is also present in the Supplementary data in Table S1. The Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 27. Data were transformed using the percentage rank of the analyzed matrix and normalized using the angular coefficient (DEGRES(ASIN(RACINE(x/100))). Pearson’s correlation was performed to identify the allelic variants involved in the size of inflorescence. The alleles that showed the highest correlation with the morphometric traits were selected. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA), as a powerful tool for clustering and dimension reduction, was also performed to discriminate the accessions studied and explain the variability among genotypes by the main components reducing the size of data by the factorial analysis regression method.
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9

Predictors of Compliance with Health Regulations

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Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of the sample. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences between samples. ANOVA test was used to assess differences in means across rounds. A logistic regression analysis was used to predict willingness to comply with health regulations without compensation for lost wages for the entire dataset, with data collection rounds serving as one of the independent factors introduced into the analysis. The dependent variable was re-categorized into two categories: Yes versus No (excluding responses of not sure and do not know). Variables were introduced into the regression analysis if they were associated with the dependent variable in the univariate analysis. The regression analysis was done both unadjusted and adjusted. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 27. P values lower than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
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10

ABO Rh Blood Group and OPMDs

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A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital Bangalore in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. A total of 55 patients who were clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia, OSMF and lichen planus were subjected to histopathological confirmation. Blood grouping was determined for all the patients using the standard agglutination method. Ninety patients with no OPMDs were included as controls and their blood grouping was determined. Data (age, sex and ABO with Rh factor) obtained were subjected to the SPSS software version 27, and the Chi-square test was done to find the relationship between ABO Rh blood group and OPMDs and also to find the strength of association between ABO Rh blood groups and OPMDs by their relative risk and odds ratio.
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