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30 protocols using petri dish

1

Encapsulation of Preantral Follicles in Alginate and Chitosan Beads

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First, 5 μL beads of alginate were placed on a petri dish
(Falcon, USA) and individual preantral follicles were
inserted into the beads. After that calcium bath [140 mM
NaCl (Sigma, USA) and 50 mM CaCl2 _2H2O (Sigma,
USA)] was added to 5 μL beads of alginate solution
containing preantral follicle for 3 minutes. For CS groups
(0.5, 1 (link), and 1.5%), NaOH solution (0.075 N) was added
at pH=6.8. to change solution state to gel (pH=7.2-7.4).
First, 5 μL beads of CS were placed on a petri dish
(Falcon, USA), having already been neutralized with 0.5
μL of NaOH solution (0.075 N) and washed three times
by PBS– and α-MEM. Then 3 μL of solution CS were
placed on a petri dish; one follicle plunged into the bead;
follicle was removed from CS solution by pipette pasture
and then was put on in the center of neutralized CS bead
that plunged in α-MEM (follicle embedding). CS solution
was cross-linked with OH sodium bicarbonate in culture
medium. Finally, each bead was cultured in 96 wells
containing 100 μL of culture medium and was incubated
at 37˚C and 5% CO2 for 13 days. Every 3-4 days, 40 μl of
culture medium was exchanged with fresh medium.
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2

Sperm Extraction from Testicular Tissue

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Testicular tissues obtained at the procedure were put directly with PBS into a Petri dish (Falcon, Becton Dickinson, USA), minced and shredded using a couple of disposable sterile needles then examined immediately under an inverted microscope with Hoffman Modulation optics using ×400 magnifications for the presence of spermatozoa. The entire Petri dish was checked and if no spermatozoa were seen, the whole tissue and the buffered medium were replaced in a conical tube, shaken very well then let to settle down for 1 or 2 min. The supernatant was removed into a clean tube and centrifuged at 300 g for 5 min. The pellet was re-suspended in 50 μl of buffered medium and carefully checked again for the presence of spermatozoa by an experienced embryologist.
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3

Zebrafish Imaging: Microscopy Techniques

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Zebrafish larvae were anesthetized in 0.02% Tricaine and immobilized in 1.2% low melting point agarose (Invitrogen) in a 35 mm glass-bottom dish, number 1.5 (MatTek). For adult tissues, zebrafish were euthanized in 0.02% Tricaine prior to dissection and imaging. Confocal microscopy was performed using a Nikon Eclipse Ti microscope equipped with a Nikon A1R. All confocal images are 2D projections of 3D confocal z stacks rendered using FIJI software (NIH) with either the maximum intensity projection algorithm (fluorescent images) or minimum intensity projection algorithm (brightfield images). For stereomicroscopy, larvae were anesthetized in 0.02% Tricaine and immobilized in egg water with 4% methyl cellulose (Sigma) in a 35×10 mm petri dish (Falcon). A Nikon SMZ18 epifluorescence stereomicroscope was used to capture images in brightfield or fluorescence using a Nikon DS-Fi2 color camera and processed using Nikon NIS-Elements software.
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4

Automated Swarming Assay for Pseudomonas

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The strains used in this study were Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 (wild‐type) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 fleN (the hyperswarmers) isolated from experimental evolution. To grow bacteria colonies and observe the patterns, bacteria were cultured in LB medium overnight in a shaker incubator at 37°C and 200 rpm. The overnight culture (200 μl) was diluted in 1 ml fresh LB medium and incubated at 37°C and 200 rpm for an additional 3 h to allow the cells to recover to the exponential growth stage and reach a final concentration of OD600 0.2–0.4. The swarming medium was freshly prepared (Xavier et al,2011), and 20 ml of medium was pipetted into each petri dish (100 mm, Falcon). After the medium had solidified, 1 μl of cell culture was pipetted onto the medium surface at the center of each plate, and plates were left to dry on the bench for 15 min with lids open. The plates were then incubated upside down at 37°C in an incubator.
We used a MANTIS automated liquid handler (FORMULATRIX) to inoculate multiple colonies with designed initial patterns. The patterns were designed using the MANTIS dispense designer with the template for a 1,536‐well microplate. Cell culture (0.1 μl) was dispensed onto the medium surface at each spot of the initial patterns.
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5

Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Porcine ear fibroblasts (PEFs) were derived from a 10-day-old miniature pigs.
Lentiviral transduction was performed using the viPS Vector Kit (Thermo Fisher
Scientific) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The PEFs were then
transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding six human transcription factors
(OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, C-MYC, KLF4, and
LIN28) as previously described. Established piPSCs were
cultured on mitomycin C inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) feeder
with stem cell medium (DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10% Knockout
serum replacement (KSR; Invitrogen), 10% FBS (Invitrogen), 50 units/mL
penicillin (GIBCO), 50 μg/mL streptomycin (GIBCO), 2 mM L-glutamine (GIBCO), 0.1
mM nonessential amino acids (NEAAs, GIBCO), 1 μM β-mercaptoethanol and 20 ng/mL
leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF; Sigma). Colonies were passaged manually into 35
mm MEF culture dishes with daily exchange of fresh stem cell medium and
maintained by manual passage every 4-5 days. Invitro differentiation was determined by embryoid body (EB)
formation. EBs were produced using the Aggrewell plate (Stemcell Technologies)
following the manufacturer’s instructions. The aggregated cells were then
transferred to a Petri-dish (BD Falcon) suspension culture in stem cell medium
without LIF and the medium was changed every other day for 10 days.
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6

Isolation of Parasitic Life Stages

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Female and male BALB/c RAG2γc−/− mice were subcutaneously infected with 100 L3 in 100 µl RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) that were isolated from Chrysops flies. To obtain L4, L5 and adult worms, mice were sacrificed and dissected 15 days, 1 and 3 months pi, respectively. To obtain parasite life stages, several organs (subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue, peritoneal cavity, liver, lungs and heart) were placed into a Petri dish (Falcon) containing RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) and numbers and motility was determined using a dissecting microscope Leica M80 (Leica). Obtained parasites were either frozen at − 80 °C for antigen preparation or used for infection of wildtype BALB/c mice.
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7

Isolation of Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

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Mouse primary hepatocytes were isolated from male B6 mice (6–9 weeks) as we described previously (Cao et al. 2005 (link), Xiong et al. 2006 (link), Collins et al. 2007 (link), Liu et al. 2009c). Viable hepatocytes were suspended in Williams' E medium (Invitrogen) containing antibiotics (50 μg/ml penicillin, 50 μg/ml streptomycin, and 100 μg/ml neomycin). Cells were seeded at a density of 3.5×105 cells per 100 mm Petri dish (BD Falcon) pre-coated with 0.02% collagen type I.
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8

Isolation of Loa loa Microfilariae

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Whole blood samples (4 ml) were collected from a donor infected with L. loa and MF were obtained using version of a previously described protocol [20 (link), 21 (link)]. In brief, 2 ml of whole blood was layered onto 2 ml-modified Percoll gradient (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 15-ml tube (Falcon) and centrifuged at 2000× rpm for 20 min without brake using a bench-top centrifuge (Human Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany). Using a Whatman® filter paper (pore size 5 µm) (Merck Millipore, Tullagreen, Ireland) placed in a filter paper holder, a dropper was used to discard the topmost part containing the serum. Then, the filter was mounted on another 15-ml tube and the whitish area containing the parasite was then filtered using a syringe (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). The filter paper was then removed with a sterile pipette and placed in a Petri dish (Falcon) containing RPMI medium (Sigma-Aldrich) to aid migration of MF out of the paper into the medium. MF number and motility was determined using a dissecting microscope Leica M80 (Leica, Singapore, Republic of Singapore). MF were either frozen at − 80 °C for antigen preparation or used for infection of wildtype BALB/c mice.
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9

Assessing Survival and Activity of Adult Flukes

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The CsAds were incubated, 5 flukes each, in a petri-dish (35 × 10 mm, Falcon, Corning, NY) containing 5 mL of 1× Locke’s solution. The survival rate and activity of the adult flukes were checked under a stereomicroscope every 1 h for 12 h, and then at 18, 24, 30, 42, 54, 66, 78, 90, 102, and 126 h (S1 Fig). The solution was replaced with fresh solution at every time point. A worm was judged as dead if it did not show any reaction when stirred gently with the soft end of a wooden applicator. The activity of a fluke was scored arbitrarily between 0–5; 5 at the beginning and 0 when dead. This assay was carried out in duplicate at 37°C and 60% humidity in a walk-in incubator (Jisico, Seoul, Korea).
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10

Quantitative Analysis of Particle Interfacial Adsorption

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DI water (4 mL) and n-decane (2 mL) were added to a Petri dish (35 × 10 mm, Falcon, USA) to form an oil–water interface [45 (link)]. Subsequently, a particle solution (concentration of 0.45 g/L) was carefully added dropwise (100 μL) onto the oil–water interface. After 10 min, the microstructures of the interface-trapped particles were captured using an inverted microscope (Eclipse Ti, Nikon, Japan) equipped with an objective lens (CFI S Plan Fluor ELWD 20XC, Nikon, Japan) and a charge-coupled device camera (CCD, EOS 700D, Canon, Japan). To minimize the time evolution of colloidal microstructures [45 (link),47 (link)], all microscope images were taken within 15 min. To ensure statistically reliable results, 25 images were evaluated under each experimental condition. The average surface coverage σ of the obtained microscopic images was analyzed using Python software. Gaussian filtering was applied, followed by binarization and detection of the particle boundaries. The surface coverage was estimated using the equation σ=SPSI , where Sp and SI represent the total area of particle regions and the entire image area, respectively. The number of particles added to the Petri dish was estimated by NP=mρPVP where m denotes the total particle mass added, ρP=1.055 g/mL is the particle density, and VP represents the volume of a single particle.
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