Tert butyl methyl ether t bme

All reagents and standards used for this study were at least of ultra-pure quality. Reagents were obtained commercially from the supplier given in parentheses: acetic acid (ACP Chemicals Inc., Montréal, PQ, Canada), chloroform (CHCl₃), potassium hydroxide (Fisher Scientific Company, Ottawa, ON, Canada), Dogfish Muscle Tissue Reference Material DORM-4, Dogfish Liver Tissue Reference Material DOLT-5 (NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada), isotope enriched monomethylmercurychloride standard was synthesized from isotope enriched Hg(0) (Trace Sciences International Corp. Richmond Hill, ON, Canada), milk fatty acid standard (QSE GmbH, Wolnzach, Germany), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Scientific Company, Ottawa, ON, Canada), potassium chloride (BioShop Canada Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada), sodium acetate, sulfuric acid (Caledon Laboratory Ltd., Georgetown, ON, Canada), sodium chloride (NaCl) (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), sodium ethyl borohydrate (NaBEt₄), tributylphosphate (TBP), trinonanoylglycerol (TG-9:0) (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Co., Oakville, ON, Canada), tert-butyl-methylether (TBME) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) (Macherey and Nagel, Düren, Germany).

A reference standard of madecassic acid was obtained from J&K Scientific GmbH (Pforzheim, Germany), and methyl γ-linolenate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Methanol, methylene chloride, and acetonitrile were obtained from Chemsolute (Th. Geyer GmbH & Co. KG, Renningen, Germany). Formic acid was obtained from Honeywell GmbH (Seelze, Germany). For GC analyses, the methylation reagent trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) was from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). A fatty-acid methyl ester (FAME) reference mixture C16–C24 for the identification of fatty acids was purchased from Restek Corporation (Bellefonte, PA, USA), and tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocâlteu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid monohydrate, and sodium carbonate were from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany).

Chloroquine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, midazolam, mitragynine, and mitragynine-d₃ were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The kratom alkaloids speciogynine, mitraciliatine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, and isopaynantheine were isolated and purified from Mitragyna speciosa as detailed previously [7 (link)]; all standards were >95% pure as measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Alprazolam and tert-butyl methyl ether (t-BME) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human liver microsomes (HLMs; H0604, mixed biological sex, pool of 15, lot 1010191) and human intestinal microsomes (HIMs; H0610.I, mixed biological sex, pool of 10, lot 1610314) were purchased from XenoTech, LLC (Kansas City, KS, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Blank human plasma (K₂EDTA, mixed biological sex, pooled, lot HMN99236) and whole blood (K₂EDTA, mixed biological sex, pooled, lot HMN541526) were purchased from BioIVT (Westbury, NY, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade.