Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of the corn stover, sludge, and their mixture were measured using APHA standard methods. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined using a Vario EL/microcube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany). Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content were determined using an automatic fiber analyzer (ANKOM A2000i, ANKOM, USA) using procedures proposed by Van Soest [14 (link)]. The pH was measured with a pH meter (3-Star, Thermo Orion, USA). Trace elements were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (iCAP 7500, Thermo Scientific, USA).
Vario el micro cube elemental analyzer
Manufactured by Elementar
Sourced in Germany
The Vario EL/micro cube is an elemental analyzer designed for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content in solid and liquid samples. It utilizes combustion and reduction techniques to precisely analyze the elemental composition of a wide range of materials.
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3 protocols using vario el micro cube elemental analyzer
1
Characterization of Biomass Feedstocks
2
Elemental and VFA Analysis Protocol
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TC and TN were determined using Vario EL/micro cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany). The pH value was tested by pH meter (3-Star, Thermo Scientific Orion, U.S.A.). The samples for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol were first centrifuged at 10 000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatants were then filtered through a filter with 0.22 mm diameter pore size, and the filtrates were collected in sample vials for analyses. The VFAs yields were calculated as the sum of the measured acetic (HAc), propionic (HPr), n-butyric (n-HBu), iso-butyric (iso-HBu), n-valeric (n-HVa) and isovaleric (iso-HVa) acids. The content of each VFA was determined using gas chromatography (GC2014, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a flame ionization detector and a DB-WAX123-7032 capillary column. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. The operational temperatures of the injector and detector were maintained at 250 °C, while the temperature of column was increased from 100 to 180 °C at a rate of 5 °C min−1.
3
Comprehensive Anaerobic Digester Analysis
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TS and volatile solids (VSs) were measured using APHA standard methods [18] . The total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined using a Vario EL/micro cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany). The composition of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin in the RS and digestate were measured using an A2000I ber analyzer (ANKOM, USA). Samples were taken from the sampling port of the anaerobic digester every day to measure VFAs. A GC-2014 gas chromatograph (Shimadzu, Japan) was used to analyze the VFAs, and a ame ionization detector (FID) was equipped in the gas chromatograph. The gas chromatograph column was a capillary column of 30 m × mm × 0.25 μm (Agilent, DB-WAX), and the carrier gas that was used was nitrogen. The operational temperatures of the injector, detector, and column were 250°C, 250°C, and 180°C, respectively.
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