Arecaidine hydrochloride was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany); N-acetylagmatine from Cayman Chemicals-Europe (Sanbio Uden, the Netherlands); sinigrin potassium salt and glucolepidiin potassium salt were from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France); glucobrassicin potassium salt, stachydrine hydrochloride, and trigonelline hydrochloride were from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); agmatine sulfate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glucosinolate hydrolysis products (methyl-, ethyl-, isobutyl-, isopropyl-isothiocyanates, and sec-butylthiocyanate), pipecolic acid, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), Viscozyme L, and resazurin sodium salt were from Sigma–Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany/ Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Minimum Essential Medium alpha (α-MEM), Minimum Essential Medium alpha 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Ham’s F12 medium (DMEM/F12), foetal calf serum (FCS) and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) were from Gibco life technology (Paisley, UK); trypsin, nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and G418 were purchased from Invitrogen Corporation (Breda, The Netherlands).
Pipecolic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Pipecolic acid is a cyclic amino acid that serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of several plant hormones and secondary metabolites. It plays a role in plant stress responses and immune system regulation. Pipecolic acid can be used as a standard in analytical techniques for its identification and quantification in various biological samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glyceric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glucobrassicin potassium salt, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Trypsin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Non essential amino acids (neaa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Viscozyme l, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tert butylhydroquinone tbhq, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Resazurin sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sebacic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Homogentisic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Serotonin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hypoxanthine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Taurine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Debrisoquine sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
4 nitrobenzoic acid 4 nba, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
α ketobutyric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hippuric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using pipecolic acid
1
Standardized Sourcing of Compounds
2
Lipid Standard Procurement and Characterization
3
LC-MS Analysis of Amino Acids
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Formic acid (98%) and water of type 1 (>18 MΩ cm) from a MilliQ ultrapure water purification system were from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-grade methanol was purchased from Rathburn Chemicals (Walkerburn, Scotland). The remaining reagents were: 6-Hydroxy-2-aminocaproic acid (HACA) (Alichem Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA)), L-2-Aminohexanedioic acid (aAASA) (Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada)), and pipecolic acid (Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany)).
4
Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling Protocol
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L-valine, 5-aminovaleric acid, N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), N-(5-methyl-3-oxohexyl)alanine, glucoheptonic acid, homovanillic acid, dimethoxy benzoic acid, pipecolic acid, diaminopelargonic acid, imidazol lactate, glyceric acid, rhamnose, D-xylose, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, sorbitol, mannitol, arabitol, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids), ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, acetonitrile (ACN), formic acid, and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay for Probiotic Metabolites
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Tyrosinase inhibition assays were performed using L-tyrosine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and L-DOPA (Sigma) as substrates for monophenolase and diphenolase, respectively, as previously reported (Noh et al., 2020 (link)) with slight modifications. The reaction mixture (140 μL) contained 110 μL of phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.5), 1 μL of mushroom tyrosinase (25,000 U mL−1, Sigma) and 20 μL of 5 mM L-tyrosine or L-DOPA with probiotic culture supernatant (final 10 and 20%, v/v). Reaction mixtures were monitored at 475 and 490 nm for dopachrome formation. All measurements were made in triplicate. To assay the tyrosinase inhibitory effects of individual metabolic compounds, candidate inhibitors (alanine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, pipecolic acid, or phenyllactic acid; Sigma) were added to reaction mixtures at concentrations of 10 or 20 mM. Tyrosinase activities (%) were calculated by expressing supernatant absorbance as a percentage of the absorbance of vehicle controls.
6
Optimization of X. eapokensis Growth
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X. eapokensis was grown in liquid SF-900 II SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in presence of 2% Amberlite™ XAD-16 (Sigmal Aldrich) or SF-900 supplemented with 1 mM of 2-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 2-amino-5-methoxybenzoic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid, 3-methyl proline, 3-benzyl proline, or 4-hydroxy proline, pipecolic acid, and 2 mM of 5-fluoro indole, 5-phenyl indole, or 5-methyl indole and 3 mM of 7-azaindole (all chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich). The cultures were cultivated at 30°C for three days with a starting OD600 of 0.1 and cultures were extracted as described below.
7
Inducing Plant Immune Responses
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Benzothiadiazole (BTH; Syngenta) was applied by spraying a 1 mM aqueous solution onto three-week-old plants; more than twenty rosettes were harvested after 24 or 48 h. For pipecolic acid treatment five-week-old plants were either watered with 10 ml water or 1 mM D/L-pipecolic acid (Pip; Sigma-Aldrich) solution as described before (Návarová et al., 2012) ; leaves of five rosettes were harvested 48 h after the onset of the treatment for one biological sample. For ILA (Interchim) treatment, approximately twenty wild type seedlings were germinated and grown for 12 days in six-well plates under conditions described above. Then, the media of one half of the samples was replaced with fresh ½ MS and the remaining half with 500 mM ILA containing ½ MS medium. The treatment was applied for 24 h and 48 h. Finally, the shoots were harvested after washing with distilled water and blotting on tissue paper. In all cases, the harvested samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.
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