ER stress was induced with HA15 (Selleckchem, Zurich, Switzerland), Thapsigargin (THA, Enzo LifeSciences, Lausen, Switzerland), or Tunicamycin (TUN, Enzo LifeSciences, Lausen, Switzerland).
ER stress was inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF; Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany), Melatonin (Mel; Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany), STF-083010 (STF; Selleckchem, Zurich, Switzerland), 4μ8C (Selleckchem, Zurich, Switzerland), GSK2656157 (GSK; Selleckchem, Zurich, Switzerland) or Salubrinal (SAL; Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK).