Ag agcl scalp electrodes

Participants were seated in a comfortable chair in a silent, temperature-controlled room. They wore protective goggles and were asked to focus their attention on the stimuli and relax their muscles. The EEG data were recorded using a 64-channel EEG cap with Ag-AgCl scalp electrodes placed according to the international 10–20 system (Brain Products GmbH, Munich, Germany; pass band: 0.01–100 Hz; sampling rate: 1000 Hz). The nose was used as the reference electrode, and the impedances of all electrodes were kept lower than 10 kΩ. Electrooculographic (EOG) signals were simultaneously recorded using surface electrodes to monitor ocular movements and eye blinks.

The EEG data of each participant was recorded by a 32-channel QuickAmp amplifier and Ag/AgCl scalp electrodes (BrainProducts, Germany). The electrodes were positioned in accordance with the international 10–20 system (FP1, FP2, F3, Fz, F4, FC5, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, FC6, C5, C3, C1, Cz, C2, C4, C6, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, P3, POz, P4, POz, O1, O2; reference: FCz, ground: AFz). Data were recorded in DC mode with a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz. Electrodes were filled properly with conductive gel to maintain the impedance below 5 kΩ to ensure good quality recording.
For CNV amplitude analysis, topographic mapping was performed using six electrodes of interest. These electrodes were (i) F3 and C3 (left hemisphere), (ii) F4 and C4 (right hemisphere), and (iii) Fz and Cz (midline region). Figure 2 illustrates the topographic maps of participants when executing left or right hand movement tasks.

EEG activities were recorded by a 32-channel QuickAmp amplifier and Ag/AgCl scalp electrodes (Brain Products, Germany). The electrodes were positioned in accordance with the international 10-20 system. Electrodes were filled with conductive gel to maintain the impedance below 5 kΩ EEG. EMG signals were recorded in DC mode and sampled at 1000 Hz synchronized with event markers.