Streptozotocin (stz)

Streptozotocin was purchased from Sisco Research laboratories Pvt Ltd. Acarbose was purchased from Glucobay, Bayer Pharma, India. Metformin was a gift sample from Ranbaxy Pvt ltd, Punjab, India. Other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of high purity.

The chemicals and reagents listed below were used to perform the experiments. Silica gel type G was obtained from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd (Mumbai, India), glibenclamide was procured from Alfa Aesar manufacturing industry (Lancashire, UK), streptozotocin was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd (Maharashtra, India), methanol was purchased from CARLO ERBA reagents (France, Val-de-reuil), and ethyl acetate was obtained from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd (Mumbai, India). All chemicals and solvents were analytical grades.

Glucophage^@® tablets (Sun Pharma Advanced Research Centre, Vadodara, India) and Streptozotocin (Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India) were purchased for the study. Kits for SGPT, SGOT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and creatinine were purchased from Labcare Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. Valsad, India. Insulin kit was purchased from GenXbio, Delhi, India.

Combiflash R_f 200i (Teledyne ISCO) fitted with glass column and silica gel 60 RP-18 (40–63 μm) were used for purification of fractions. Shimadzu HPLC, LC 20AD with PDA detector fitted with either an analytical column (Discovery RP Amide C-16 Supelco 5 μm 250 × 4.6 mm) or semi-preparative (Discovery Amide C-16 Supelco 5 μm 250 × 10 mm) were used for analysis and purification of compounds. Column chromatography was carried out with Merck silica gel (100–200 mesh size). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was done on TLC plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 (0.25 mm normal phase Merck). α-Glucosidase (Maltase EC 3.2.1.20) and p-nitro phenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratory (SRL). Streptozotocin was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories, Mumbai and metformin from Sigma Aldrich USA. 6-NBDG was procured from Invitrogen. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 500 MHz instrument with TMS as internal standard. Chemical shifts are expressed in δ values. Agilent 6520 Accurate mass Q-TOF/LC-MS was used to determine molecular weight. Absorbance was measured by Thermo Scientific Multiskan spectrometer. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and Merck chemicals. DMEM low glucose (Cat. No. AT007) and high glucose media (Cat. No. AT006), antimycotic antibiotic, fetal bovine serum (FBS), l-glutamine, 0.05% trypsin−EDTA solution, bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Himedia (India); streptozotocin (Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Andheri, Mumbai); Primary antibodies, Anti-HIF1 alpha antibody [EP1215Y]-(ab51608); Anti-VEGF antibody [14–124]-(ab16883); Anti-VEGF Receptor 2 antibody [SP123]-(ab115805); Anti-Collagen I antibody [COL-1] ab6308, Anti-Collagen III antibody [FH-7A] ab6310 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). α-Actin (1A4): sc-32251 were purchased from Santa Cruz biotechnology. For chromogenic detection HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) {Super Sensitive Polymer-HRP IHC Detection System kit (Cat. No. QD400-60K, BioGenex)} used, sections counter stained by Hematoxylin. Western ECL Substrate (Catalogue No- #170–5061, Bio-Rad, USA).
Physicochemically characterized Jamun honey (JH) (from Societé Naturelle, S-18 E Shakarpur, Delhi 110092, India) and Medihoney (Derma Sciences, U.S.) were used for wound healing experiments. The physical and biochemical properties of the selected honeys were given in supplementary table (ST)1 and ST2.