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18 protocols using anhydrous magnesium sulfate

1

Paper Formation and Bacterial Strains

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Two market wood pulps, southern bleached softwood kraft (SBSK) and southern unbleached softwood kraft (UBSK) pulp from a paper mill in the Southeast United States were used for the formation of paper samples.
Two microbial strains, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium MHM 124 (ATCC 14208) and Listeria innocua (ATCC 51742), were received as freeze-dried samples from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Trypticase soy broth (TSB) and trypticase soy agar (TSA) were used for overnight cultures incubated at 37°C for both bacterial strains (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Additional growth factors including dextrose, ammonium iron (III) citrate and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were acquired as well from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
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2

Synthesis of Maleated Acrylate Polymers

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Eugenol (98%), styrene, methacrylic anhydride (94%, inhibited with 2000 ppm topanol A), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate were provided by Sigma-Aldrich. Dichloromethane, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were provided by Fisher Scientific. Hydrochloric acid was provided by EMD Millipore. MAESO (yellow to amber viscous liquid, 1.02 g cm−3 at 25 °C, with approx. 15% of maleic anhydride in MAESO, the level of maleic functionality was 1.45, and the acrylate group was 3.16) and MFA (MC818) were supplied by Dixie Chemical Company, Inc. IM and IA were obtained from Ark Pharm, Inc. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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3

Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polymers

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2-Bromopropionic acid,
acetone, acetonitrile,
anhydrous ethyl ether, hexanes, hydrochloric acid (37%), anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, methanol, methylene chloride (DCM), potassium hydroxide,
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, HPLC-grade
tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (≥99%) (DCC) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethanol was purchased from Decon
Laboratories. 1,4-Dioxane, 2-bromoethanol (95%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
(≥99%) (DMAP), benzyl alcohol, n-butyl acrylate
(nBA), copper(I) bromide (99.999%), copper(I) chloride (>99.995%),
ethyl acetate (99.5%), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
(PMDETA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,3,3-Trimethylindolenine
(>97.0+%) and 3-chloromethyl-5-nitrosalicylaldehyde
were purchased from TCI Chemicals. Phosphotungstic acid was purchased
from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm)
was obtained from a Synergy water purification system (MilliporeSigma).
The monomers (nBA and MMA) were filtered through activated neutral
alumina immediately before use to remove inhibitor. The initiator,
SPBr2, was synthesized following the literature procedure
(see the Supporting Information). All other
reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted.
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4

Synthesis of Fluorinated Polyacrylate Adhesives

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2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl bromide (Fluorochem,
99%) and acrylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%) were used as received.
Acetone (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%) was stored with molecular sieves
(3 Å, Sigma-Aldrich) to make it anhydrous prior to use. Diethyl
ether (≥99.8%), n-butyl acrylate (BA, ≥99%),
and methanol (≥99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
used as received. Potassium carbonate (anhydrous, ≥99%), sodium
bicarbonate (≥99.7%), anhydrous magnesium sulfate, acetonitrile
(≥99.8%), chloroform (≥99.8%), and tetrahydrofuran (THF,
chromatography GPC grade) were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Sodium
azide (99%) and N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF, dried over molecular sieves, 99.8%) were purchased from Acros
Organics and used as received. chloroform-D (CDCl3, 99.8%,
+0.05% v/v TMS) was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,
Inc. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) was recrystallized
from methanol and dried at room temperature prior to storage in a
freezer. 4-Chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD chloride, 98%)
and piperazine (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Fluorochem,
respectively. Two commercial polyacrylate copolymer PSAs (referred
to hereafter as P1 and P2), which were used as a benchmark in this
work, were provided by Synthomer plc.
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5

Polymeric Composite Membranes for Pollutant Removal

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Polysulfone (PSF, Mn ∼22 000),
homopiperazine (HP,
98%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >98%, pellets), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2, 99.9%), cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, 98%), humic acid sodium
salt (HA), and ethylenediamine (EDA, >99%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid chloride (TMC, 98%) was purchased
from Acros. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights
and N,N′-dimethylformamide
(DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Loba Chemie. Isopar-G
was purchased from Univar. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric
(PET, K#01 3249) was purchased from Hollytex. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA,
>99.8%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%), anhydrous sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4, >99.0%), and anhydrous magnesium
sulfate
(MgSO4, >98.0%) were obtained from Fisher Scientific.
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6

Paclitaxel and Lapatinib Nanoformulation Synthesis

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Tetrahydrofuran (THF, HPLC grade), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, HPLC grade), dichloro-methane (DCM, HPLC grade), diglycolic anhydride (97%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA), diisopropylcarbodiimide (99%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA), alcohol-free chloroform, acetonitrile (HPLC grade), ethanol (ACS reagent grade), methanol (ACS reagent trade), 4-(dimethylamino)pryridine (99%), anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and acetic acid (ACS reagent grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). Hydrochloric acid (37%, 12 M, ACS grade), tannic acid (TA) (ACS grade), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (97%), α-tocopherol (vitamin E, >95.5%), pyridine (anhydrous, 99.8%), deuterated chloroform CDCl3, and anhydrous sodium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Paclitaxel (PTX, >98%) and lapatinib (LAP, >98%) were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); phosphate buffered saline without calcium and magnesium was purchase from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). Polystyrene-b-polyethylene glycol (1600-b-5000 g/mol) (PS-b-PEG) was obtained from Polymer Source (Montreal, QC, Canada) and was purified by dissolving in THF (~40 °C) and precipitating into diethyl ether then dried by vacuum for two days as previously described [65 (link)].
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7

Hydrogel Synthesis for Antimicrobial Applications

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Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, (PEG, MN = 750 Da), dopamine hydrochloride (dopamine),
3,(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, ampicillin (BioReagent grade), chloramphenicol (BioReagent grade), M9 minimal salts (M9
media), D-(+)-glucose, calcium chloride (anhydrous), phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 10× sterile biograde),
tryptic soy broth (TSB), Luria-Bertani broth (LB), fibrinogen, and Bradford reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
MO). Irgacure 2959 was obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate and molecular grade agar were
obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Deionized (DI) water was obtained from a Barnstead Nanopure Infinity water
purification system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA).
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8

Synthesis of Benzyl Ether Derivatives

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Ferulic acid, 1 M diisobutyl aluminum hydride in dichloromethane, benzyl bromide, laccase from Trametes versicolor (776 U/g), piperazine, and sodium hydride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Acetovanillone, sodium borohydride, pyridine, and diethylcarbonate were purchased from TCI and used as received. Palladium on carbon and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were purchased from Acros Organics and used as received. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Euriso-top. Other reagents, salts, and solvents were purchased from VWR.
DMF was dried using mBraun SPS 800. Evaporations were conducted under reduced pressure (Vario Vacuubrand pump) on Buchi R300. Flash chromatographies were performed on a Puriflash 4100 (Interchim) equipped with and pre-packed INTERCHIM PF-30SI-HP (30 μm silica gel) columns. IR analyses were performed on Cary 630 FTIR (Agilent). NMR analyses were recorded on a Bruker Fourier 300. 1H NMR spectra of samples were measured on a 300 MHz apparatus, chemicals shifts were reported in parts per million relative to solvent residual peak (CDCl3 δ = 7.26 ppm; DMSO-d6 δ = 2.50 ppm). 13C NMR spectra of samples were recorded at 75 MHz and calibrated on solvent peak (CDCl3 δ = 77.16 ppm; DMSO-d6 δ = 39.52 ppm).
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9

Mycotoxin Analysis in Water Infusions

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Water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Formic acid (pure, 98+%, Acros Organics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium), ammonium formate (for LC-MS, Sigma-Aldrich, Moscow, Russia), HPLC-grade methanol (LiChrosolv, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and acetonitrile (Panreac, AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany) were used for the preparation of standard solutions of mycotoxins and mobile phases. Acetonitrile (pure, Criochrom, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used for sample extraction. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate (97%, Acros Organics, Acrus, Moscow, Russia) and sodium chloride (99%, Spektr-Khim, Moscow, Russia) were used as salting out additives during sample preparation.
Three types of water were used to prepare infusions: distilled water (DW) (average pH 5.4 (n=6, CV=2.1%)), bottled deep-well water (D-WW) (average pH 7.9 (n=6, CV=6.4%); total dissolved solids (TDS) = 0.2-0.35 g/l) and bottled still natural mineral water (NMW) (average pH 7.6 (n=5, CV=2.2%); TDS=0.3-0.6 g/l). Bottled water was purchased from the local market.
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10

Comprehensive Reagents for Analytical Techniques

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AAPH (2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane)) (Acros Organics), sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulphate, TRIS (ultrapure), glycine (proteomics grade), ortho-boric acid, and methanol (HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR International Eurolab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Trizma® base, ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)), DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol), Trolox® (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), fluorescein sodium salt, formic acid (reagent grade ≥ 95%), and diatomaceous earth (Hyflo® Super Cel®) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, and sulfuric acid were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain). SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and nitric acid (65% p/p) were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Bromophenol blue indicator (ACS reagent), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), trifluoroacetic acid, acetone, and glycerol were provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Absolute ethanol was obtained from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands), Octadecyl C18 sorbent was obtained from Phenomenex (Madrid, Spain), and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (99.5% min powder) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Deionized water with a resistivity of >18 MΩ/cm was obtained through a Milli-Q SP® Reagent Water System (Millipore Corporation Bedford, MA, USA).
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