Acrylic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, China, Japan, Poland, Australia, Spain

Acrylic acid is a colorless, odorless, and transparent liquid chemical compound. It is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH2=CH-COOH. Acrylic acid is commonly used as a raw material in the production of various polymers, resins, and other industrial chemicals.

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Lab products found in correlation

N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (37 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (29 mentions) Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (24 mentions) Acrylamide, by Merck Group (19 mentions) Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (19 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (18 mentions) N isopropylacrylamide, by Merck Group (15 mentions) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (12 mentions) Chitosan, by Merck Group (11 mentions) Ammonium persulfate ap, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Azobisisobutyronitrile, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Acetone, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (8 mentions) N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Styrene, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Sodium alginate, by Merck Group (6 mentions) N n methylenebis acrylamide mba, by Merck Group (6 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) (PAA) Acrylic acid (AAc) Poly(acrylic acid) solution Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) Acrylic acid (147230) Acrylic acid (AA) monomer Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA) Acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester Dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone acrylate (DBA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), acrylic acid (AA), 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN), N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), piperazine (PiP), glycine 3-indole acrylic acid

236 protocols using acrylic acid

Radiation-Activated Polymer Grafting for GDL Enhancement

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The coated GDLs were activated using
an electron beam (EBLab 200 sealed laboratory emitter system, Comet
AG, Switzerland). The samples were exposed to a dose of 50 kGy under
nitrogen (<200 ppm oxygen), employing an acceleration voltage of
200 keV.
For testing the sensitivity of the method, a radiation
mask with slits of 500 μm was used to partially block the radiation.
This process generates samples with modified areas of 500 μm
with a separation of 930 μm (Figure 2b). The samples were grafted using 15% (w/w)
acrylic acid (Sigma Aldrich) in ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm)
for 30 min at 60 °C using a methodology similar to the one employed
by Forner-Cuenca et al.^{29 (link)}For the
coating analysis, after activation, the samples were grafted
by submerging them in a reactor with a 0.5 M sodium p-styrene sulfonate (Sigma Aldrich) and 0.5 M acrylic acid (Sigma
Aldrich) solution in ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm). The
reactor content was purged with N₂ for 1 h and placed in
a water bath for 24 h at 60 °C.
All samples were afterward
cleaned by rinsing them with water,
ethanol, and water again using a vacuum table. The GDLs were then
dried, and the ionic exchange was made by placing them in a 0.015
M ¹⁵⁷GdCl₃ (Trace Sciences International, 92.3%
isotopical enrichment) solution for 24 h (Figure 1b). They were later rinsed with water and
dried again.

Manzi-Orezzoli V., Mularczyk A., Trtik P., Halter J., Eller J., Schmidt T.J, & Boillat P. (2019). Coating Distribution Analysis on Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by Neutron and X-ray High-Resolution Tomography. ACS Omega, 4(17), 17236-17243.

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Surface Functionalization of PU Films

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Round shaped PU films and scaffolds (6 mm in diameter) were functionalized with G (type A from porcine skin, Sigma-Aldrich, Italy) and mouse LN1 (from Murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor, Cultrex, USA) according to the following method, based on a two-step plasma treatment (Diener Electronic, Pico Low Pression Plasma System, Germany) [40 ]. Initially, the samples were treated with Argon plasma (50 W, 0.7 mbar, 20 sccm) for 5 min to create radical species on their surface. Then, they were immediately subjected to acrylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Italy) plasma treatment (50 W, 0.05 mbar, 45 sccm) for 15 min with the aim to graft and polymerize acrylic acid on their surface. By this method, the surface was enriched with -COOH groups, which were then exploited for the covalent grafting of G and LN1. To this purpose, samples were placed in an aqueous solution (pH 5.0) containing 5 mg/mL of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC; Sigma-Aldrich, Italy) and 1.25 mg/mL of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS; Sigma-Aldrich, Italy) at 4°C for 20 h [40 ]. Scaffolds were then washed 3 times with deionized water (DIW). Finally, LN1 and G were covalently grafted on previously activated sample surfaces by 20 h incubation in G and LN solutions (10 μg/ml) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Sigma-Aldrich, Italy) at room temperature. Samples were withdrawn and rinsed three times with DIW.

Boffito M., Di Meglio F., Mozetic P., Giannitelli S.M., Carmagnola I., Castaldo C., Nurzynska D., Sacco A.M., Miraglia R., Montagnani S., Vitale N., Brancaccio M., Tarone G., Basoli F., Rainer A., Trombetta M., Ciardelli G, & Chiono V. (2018). Surface functionalization of polyurethane scaffolds mimicking the myocardial microenvironment to support cardiac primitive cells. PLoS ONE, 13(7), e0199896.

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Synthesis of Polymer Hydrogels

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Acrylamide (analytical reagent grade) and acrylic acid (99% purity) were supplied by Merck. Ammonium peroxodisulphate (analytical reagent grade) was supplied by R&M Chemicals. N,N’-methylenebis(Acrylamide) (99% purity), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A synthesis-grade of monomers and cross-linker were used as-received without further purification. Distilled water was used throughout this research work as the polymerization medium. FA was obtained from a coal power plant located in Northern Malaysia.

Ghani S.M., Rabat N.E., Abdul Rahim A.R., Johari K., Siyal A.A, & Kumeresen R. (2023). Amine Infused Fly Ash Grafted Acrylic Acid/Acrylamide Hydrogel for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Adsorption and Its Kinetic Analysis. Gels, 9(3), 229.

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Collagen-based Hydrogel Synthesis

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Type I acidic collagen was provided by the Collagen Department from Leather and Footwear Research Institute. Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (Mw = 360,000 g/mol), poly (ethylene oxide) (Mw = 300,000 g/mol), acrylic acid (Mw = 72.06 g/mol), sodium hydroxide (99% purity) and N’N-Methylene bis(acrylamide) (Mw = 154.17 g/mol) were purchased from Merck and without further purifications.

Demeter M., Călina I., Scărișoreanu A, & Micutz M. (2021). E-Beam Cross-Linking of Complex Hydrogels Formulation: The Influence of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Concentration on the Hydrogel Properties. Gels, 8(1), 27.

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Chitosan-based Hydrogel for Metal Ion Removal

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For this study purposes 75–85% deacetylated chitosan (LMW chitosan of 50,000–190,000 Da) from Sisco Research Laboratories Private Ltd., KPS (from Ranbaxy, SAS Nagar Mohali, India), DS (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), acrylic acid (from Merck), acrylamide (from Merck), Acrylonitrile (from SD Fine), were applied as customary without any further purification. The authors also used DS (Sigma Aldrich), HCl, NaOH, KH

_{2}

_{4}

, KCl and Na

_{2} B_{4} O_{7}

. In addition

10 H_{2} O

(SD Fine, India) has been used for preparing buffer solutions of different pH. Ferrous sulfate (

F e S O_{4}

), Lead nitrate (

P b {(N O_{3})}_{2}

) (SD Fine) were used for making solutions of particular metal ion in deionized water.

Chopra L., Chohan J.S., Sharma S., Pelc M, & Kawala-Sterniuk A. (2022). Multifunctional Modified Chitosan Biopolymers for Dual Applications in Biomedical and Industrial Field: Synthesis and Evaluation of Thermal, Chemical, Morphological, Structural, In Vitro Drug-Release Rate, Swelling and Metal Uptake Studies. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(9), 3454.

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RAFT Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide

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N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, ≥99%), N,N-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS, 99%), potassium persulfate (KPS, ≥99%), sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99.5%), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃, ≥99), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥99%), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA, ≥98%) and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd, Gillingham (Dorset) UK, a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Acrylic acid (≥99%) was purchased from Merck. NIPAM was purchased from Fluorochem. Phosphate buffered saline tablets (PBS) were purchased from Fischer Scientific. Milli-Q water obtained from a water purification system had a resistivity of >18 MΩ cm⁻¹ (PURELAB option R, Veolia). Spectra/por 2 (MWCO = 12–14 kDa) and spectra/por 3 (MWCO = 3.5 kDa) dialysis tubing was purchased from Spectrum Europe B.V., Breda, The Netherlands. Corning bottle top vacuum filter system with cellulose acetate membrane (pore size 0.22 μm) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd, Gillingham (Dorset) UK, a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. All reagents were used as supplied with the exception of the ACVA, NIPAM and AIBN that were used in the RAFT polymerisation as these were recrystallised from n-hexane and dried before use.

Niezabitowska E., Town A.R., Sabagh B., Morales Moctezuma M.D., Kearns V.R., Spain S.G., Rannard S.P, & McDonald T.O. (2020). Insights into the internal structures of nanogels using a versatile asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation method. Nanoscale Advances, 2(10), 4713-4721.

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Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using Hydrogels

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Na₂HPO₄, Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O,
HCl, acrylic acid, NIPAm, PN (degree of esterification = 63–66%), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA),
potassium persulfate (PPS), and sodium bisulfite (SBS) of analytical
grades were purchased from Merck and used without any further modification.
SF, methyl orange (MO), and nitrate salts of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Cr(III),
used in adsorption studies, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Singha N.R., Mahapatra M., Karmakar M., Mondal H., Dutta A., Deb M., Mitra M., Roy C., Chattopadhyay P.K, & Maiti D.K. (2018). In Situ Allocation of a Monomer in Pectin-g-Terpolymer Hydrogels and Effect of Comonomer Compositions on Superadsorption of Metal Ions/Dyes. ACS Omega, 3(4), 4163-4180.

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Hydrogel Synthesis for Biomedical Applications

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Sodium alginate (SA), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), ethanol, and ammonium persulfate (APS) were purchased from Merck, Germany. Acrylic acid (AA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK. All reagents were of analytical grade. Neomycin sulfate was humbly gifted by Atco Laboratories, Karachi, Pakistan.

Saeed S., Barkat K., Ashraf M.U., Shabbir M., Anjum I., Badshah S.F., Aamir M., Malik N.S., Tariq A, & Ullah R. (2023). Flexible Topical Hydrogel Patch Loaded with Antimicrobial Drug for Accelerated Wound Healing. Gels, 9(7), 567.

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Polyurethane Synthesis Protocol

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Acrylic acid (Merck; Darmstadt, Germany), N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP) (Merck; Darmstadt, Germany), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (BASF; Ludwigshafen, Germany), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (Evonik Chemistry Ltd.; Essen, Germany), oligotetramethylene oxide diol with M_n~1008 g·mol⁻¹, M_n~1400 g·mol⁻¹, and M_n~2000 g·mol⁻¹ (OTMO-1000; OTMO-1400; OTMO-2000)(BASF; Ludwigshafen, Germany), glycidol (grade pure, 99.0%)(Research Institute of Polymer Materials; Perm, Russia), and dibutyltin dilaurate (grade pure, 99.8%) (BASF; Ludwigshafen, Germany) were used without purification.

Slobodinyuk D., Slobodinyuk A., Strelnikov V, & Kiselkov D. (2023). Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Oligoetherdiamines: Hardeners of Epoxyurethane Oligomers for Obtaining Coatings with Shape Memory Effect. Polymers, 15(11), 2450.

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Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization

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Chitosan (85% deacetylation, CAS: 9012.76.4, Sigma-Aldrich, product of Iceland), sodium alginate (90% carboxylation, CAS: 9005.38.3, Sigma-Aldrich, product of China), acrylamide (CAS: 76.06.1, Sigma-Aldrich, made in China), acrylic acid (CAS: 79.10.7, Merck, made in Germany), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (CAS: 110.26.9, Sigma-Aldrich, USA), ammonium persulfate (CAS: 7727.54.0, Sigma-Aldrich, product of Turkey), copper standard solution (product 1.19786, Merck KGaA, made in Germany), arsenic standard solution (product 1.19773, Merck KGaA, made in Germany), nitric acid 65% (CAS: 7697-37-2, Merck KGaA, made in Germany), hydrochloric acid 37% (CAS: 7647-01-0, Merck KGaA, made in Germany), and sulfuric acid (10 N) (CAS: 7664-93-9, made in Germany) were used.

ALSamman M.T, & Sánchez J. (2023). Adsorption of Copper and Arsenic from Water Using a Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Based on Alginate and Chitosan. Polymers, 15(9), 2192.

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