titanium dioxide anatase powder
was bought from Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.A. Sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate,
and graphite powder were obtained from Loba Chemie, India. Hydrochloric
acid, sodium hydroxide pellets, and sulfuric acid were supplied from
Merck Chemicals, India. Ruthenizer 535 dye (N3) and iodolyte AN-50
electrolyte were supplied by Solaronix. All the chemicals employed
in this experiment were of analytical grade and utilized without additional
purification.