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33 protocols using lsm 710 axioobserver

1

Multicolor Imaging of Cellular Proteins

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Multichannel images were obtained using a ZEISS LSM 710 AxioObserver equipped with a ZEISS Plan Apochromat 63× oil DIC objective lens (NA 1.40). Images were acquired using 512 × 512 pixels, at 440 nm pixel sizes. Samples were illuminated with the following lasers (fiber launching): λ = 405 nm, λ = 488 nm, λ = 561, and λ = 633 nm, excitation filters MBS 488/561/633 and MBS 405. Fluorescence was collated using the corresponding diffraction grating and bandwidth slit settings for emission 416 to 485 nm (CH1), 494 to 554 nm (CH2), 572 to 632 nm (CH3), and 641 to 730 nm (CH4).
The following combinations of lasers (excitation) and bandwidth slit settings were used for our 10-channel recordings:
Validation images of the fluorescent protein constructs stained with primary and secondary antibodies (see S2 Fig and S2 Table) were obtained using an Olympus IX71 microscope equipped with an Olympus UPlanSApo 60× oil objective (1.35 NA). These validation images were only obtained to determine whether the proteins behaved as expected. Rab5a images of S2 Fig and all work relating to the deep neural network was performed on the ZEISS LSM 710 AxioObserver.
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2

Visualizing TurboFP635 in SKOVip-kat Cells

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SKOVip-kat cells were seeded in 35 mm glass bottom Petri dishes, 105 cells per dish, and grown overnight. Cells were then visualized using an inverted laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope AxioObserver LSM 710 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The images were obtained with a C-Apochromat 63×/1.2 water immersion objective. Fluorescence of TurboFP635 protein was excited by the HeNe laser at 594 nm and collected in the range of 611–740 nm.
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3

Quantifying Protein Co-localization via Confocal Microscopy

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The slides were examined under an Axio Observer LSM 710 confocal system (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany) and analyzed with ZEN Black software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH). Co-localization analysis of images acquired by confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed using the software FIJI (ImageA 1.45j; Max Planck Society). The plugin “Coloc 2” allows the quantitative determination of co-localizing fluorescence intensities acquired in different channels using methods described previously (Costes, et al., 2004 (link); Manders, et al., 1993 ). The obtained Mander’s coefficients were used as the fraction of co-localization of both channels, i.e. tM1 represented the fraction of lysosomes that also contain green fluorescent protein LC3 and tM2 represented the fraction of pixels of green signal from LC3 that also had red signal from lysosomes. In addition to the Mander’s coefficients, Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained as another measure for co-localization. One hundred fifty cells in random fields from 3 independent experiments were analyzed.
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4

BrdU Incorporation in SVZ Cells

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SVZ cells were exposed to BrdU (10 μM, Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC) 4 h before the end of the experiment (48 h post-transfection). Thereafter, cells were fixed in 4% PFA. Fixed cells were permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100 for 30 min at RT and BrdU was exposed by incubating the fixed cells with 1 M HCL for 40 min at 37 °C. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 6% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100 for 1 h, followed by incubation with anti BrdU Alexa-Fluor 594 conjugated antibody (Life Technologies) prepared in PBS containing 0.3% BSA and 0.3% Triton X-100 for 2 h at RT. Cells were then stained with Hoechst-33342 and mounted in Fluoroshield Mounting Medium (Abcam Plc.). Photomicrographs of BrdU incorporation were taken using a confocal microscope (AxioObserver LSM 710, Carl Zeiss).
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5

Confocal Microscopy Imaging Protocol

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Confocal images were acquired on either a Leica TCS SP8 MP (Creighton University Integrated Biomedical Imaging Facility) using either a HC PL Apochromat 20× 0.75 na objective or a HC PL Apochromat 40× 1.3 na oil objective (acquisition software: Leica LAS AF version 3.2.1.9702, 12 bit) or a Zeiss AxioObserver LSM 710 (University of Nebraska Medical Center Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Core Facility) using either a Plan-Apochromat 20× 0.8 na objective or an EC Plan-Neofluar 40× 1.30 na oil objective (acquisition software: Zeiss Zen 2011).
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6

FISH Analysis of Betaproteobacteria 16S rRNA

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted with a probe designed specifically for the 16S rRNA gene of Betaproteobacteria—BET940R: Cy5-TTAATCCACATCATCCACCG (Demanèche et al. 2008 (link)). Two individuals of each species preserved in 100% ethanol were rehydrated, fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 2 h, and dehydrated through incubation in 80%, 90%, and 100% ethanol and acetone. The material was then embedded in Technovit 8100 resin and subsequently cut into sections. Hybridization was performed using a hybridization buffer containing 1 ml 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 9 ml 5 M NaCl, 25 μl 20% SDS, 15 ml 30% formamide, and about 15 ml of distilled water. The slides were incubated in 200 μl of hybridization solution (hybridization buffer + probe) overnight at room temperature (Łukasik et al. 2017 (link)). Next, the slides were washed in PBS three times for 10 min, then dried and covered with a ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent (Life Technologies). The hybridized slides were then examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope Zeiss Axio Observer LSM 710.
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7

Confocal Imaging of Myocardial Transgenic Larvae

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Tg(myl7:Twitch-4) larvae at 3 dpf were euthanized by incubation in 0.3% MS-222 (Sigma-Aldrich A5040) for 5 min. Larvae were embedded in agarose as done for ratiometric imaging and were imaged in an inverted Axio Observer LSM710 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with a PlanApo 20x/0.8 NA objective. Laser excitation was at 488 nm and the emission bandwidth was 520-560 nm.
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8

Symbiont Localization via FISH Microscopy

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Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted with symbiont-specific probes (see Table 1). Ten females preserved in 90% ethanol were rehydrated, fixed in 4% formaldehyde, and dehydrated through incubations in 80, 90, and 100% ethanol and acetone. Then material was embedded in resin Technovit 8100 and cut into sections. Hybridization was performed using a hybridization buffer containing the following: 1 ml 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 9 ml 5 M NaCl, 25 μl 20% SDS, 15 ml 30% formamide, and about 15 ml of distilled water. The slides were incubated in 200 μl of hybridization solution (hybridization buffer + probes) overnight, at room temperature (Łukasik et al. 2017 (link)). Next, the slides were washed in PBS three times for 10 min, dried and covered with ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent (Life Technologies). The hybridized slides were then examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope Zeiss Axio Observer LSM 710. The FISH experiments were done four times. In each case, no-probes control experiments were performed.
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9

FISH protocol for Ophiocordyceps fungi

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted with the probe Hyp760 specific for the 18S rRNA gene of Ophiocordyceps fungi [26 (link)] (Table S1). Two individuals of each species that were preserved in 100% ethanol were rehydrated, fixed in 4% formaldehyde for two hours and dehydrated through incubation in 80%, 90% and 100% ethanol and acetone. The material was then embedded in Technovit 8100 (Kulzer, Werheim, Germany) resin and subsequently cut into sections. Hybridization was performed using a hybridization buffer containing: 1 mL 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 9 mL 5 M NaCl, 25 μL 20% SDS, 15 mL 30% formamide and about 15 mL of distilled water. The slides were incubated in 200 μL of hybridization solution (hybridization buffer + probes) overnight at room temperature [27 (link)]. Following this, the slides were washed in PBS three times for 10 min, then dried and covered with a ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The hybridized slides were then examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope Zeiss Axio Observer LSM 710.
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10

Immunochemical Assay Protocol for HA-tagged Proteins

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Immunochemical assays were performed as previously reported (Moreno et al., 2012 (link); Moreno et al., 2016 (link)), with minor modifications. Briefly, the media was removed and cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) supplemented with 100 μM CaCl2 and 100 μM MgCl2 for 10 min at room temperature, rinsed with PBS, and washed twice with PBS supplemented with 20 mM glycine. Coverslips were then incubated with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 10 min at room temperature, and incubated for 60 min with PBS containing 3% goat serum (according to the secondary antibody). Primary antibody rabbit anti-HA (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2367; diluted at 1:800 was added (40 μl on coverslip) and incubated overnight at 4°C. After washing with blocking buffer, the cells were incubated with secondary antibodies Alexa 568-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A11011) for 60 min at room temperature. Coverslips were then mounted onto glass slides with ProLong Diamond Antifade mountant (ThermoFisher Scientific) and imaged 24 h later on a Carl Zeiss Axio Observer LSM 710 laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) with Plan-Apochromat 363/1.40 Oil DIC M27 or 340 Cal objective lens.
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