Formic acid for hplc

Manufactured by Merck Group

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Formic acid is a chemical compound commonly used as a mobile phase additive in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Formic acid is used to improve the separation, peak shape, and resolution of analytes in HPLC analysis.

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HPLC formic acid (4 citations) Formic acid (4933 citations)

4 protocols using formic acid for hplc

Cryptotanshinone Extraction and Purification

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Cryptotanshinone of 99.26% purity (Selleckchem, Poznań, Poland), ≥99.9% methanol for HPLC (Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), 96% ethanol (Stanlab Sp. J., Lublin, Poland), ≥99.5% isopropanol (Fluka: BioChemika, Buchs, Switzerland), sodium hydroxide (Stanlab Sp. J.), 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD, Sigma-Aldrich, Poznań, Poland), 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS, Sigma-Aldrich), 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol (TEOA, Sigma-Aldrich), tris(2-propanol)amine (TIPA, Sigma-Aldrich), 96% sulfuric acid (VI) (Stanlab Sp. J., Lublin, Poland), 35–38% hydrochloric acid (HCl, POCH BASIC, Gliwice, Poland), acetonitrile for HPLC (Sigma-Aldrich), formic acid for HPLC (Sigma-Aldrich), and deionized water were used in the experimental procedures.

Kobryń J., Dałek J, & Musiał W. (2021). The Influence of Selected Factors on the Aqueous Cryptotanshinone Solubility. Pharmaceutics, 13(7), 992.

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AHL Compound Standards for Quorum Sensing

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The following AHL standards, purchased from University of Nottingham, UK were: N-3-oxo-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC4-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC6-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC8-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OHC10-HSL). In addition, N-butyryl-DL-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL), N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL), N-decanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), N-3-oxo-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC10-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL), N-3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (3OHC12-HSL), acetonitrile, and formic acid for HPLC were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Khider M., Hansen H., Hjerde E., Johansen J.A, & Willassen N.P. (2019). Exploring the transcriptome of luxI− and ΔainS mutants and the impact of N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-L- and N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactones on biofilm formation in Aliivibrio salmonicida. PeerJ, 7, e6845.

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Carotenoid Analysis by HPLC

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Acetonitrile HPLC grade (assay 99.9%) was purchased from Panreac Química S.A. (Barcelona, Spain); trifluoroacetic acid for HPLC (assay 99%) and formic acid for HPLC (assay 98%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified by a Milli-Q water purification system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
The β-carotene and lutein standards used in this study was purchased from the Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other reagents including methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, petroleum ether (PE), diethyl ether (DE), acetone, ethanol, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, tri-ethyl amine and butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT) were of analytical or HPLC grade.

Tavarini S., Castagna A., Conte G., Foschi L., Sanmartin C., Incrocci L., Ranieri A., Serra A, & Angelini L.G. (2019). Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Two Linseed Varieties as Sources of Health-Beneficial Substances. Molecules, 24(20), 3729.

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Comprehensive Analysis of HepG2 Cell Line

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The human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 was obtained from Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China). Culture media and agents were purchased from Gibco (Waltham, USA). CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 cell viability assay kit was purchased from Promega (Madison, USA). Seahorse consumables were all purchased from Seahorse Biosciences (North Billerica, USA). The pure test compounds were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule was produced by Tongjitang Pharm Co., Ltd. (Guiyang, China), and the six TCMs in it were purchased from Tongling Hetian Herbal Pieces Co. Ltd. (Anhui, China). Acetonitrile and formic acid for HPLC were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The methanol and ethyl acetate used in extracting the samples were all analytical grade.

Piao S., Lin H., Tao X, & Chen W. (2022). Mitochondrial toxicants in Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao induce liver injury by regulating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway: an in vitro study. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22, 317.

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