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4 protocols using grp78

1

Berberine Modulates Autophagy in Cells

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Berberine was purchased from J&K SCIENTIFIC LTD (China). The RPMI-1640 medium, Dulbecco,s modified Eagle,s (DMEM) medium, DMEM / F-12 1:1 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY). MTT and monodansylcadaverin (MDC) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Trizol, PrimeScript RT Master Mix and SYBR green PCR master mix were from Takara (Shiga, Japan). GRP78 antibody was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies for LC3, p62, AMPK, p-AMPKT183/172 and ATF6 were obtained from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). GAPDH, GRP78, Ub, Beclin1 and chloroquine were purchased from Bioworld Technology (Minneapolis, MN). VPS34 antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). FITC- and TRITC- secondary antibodies were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Bafilomycin and 3-methyladenine of autophagy inhibitors were purchased from Cayman Chemical (MI, USA). MG-132 (proteasome inhibitor) and cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein standard was obtained from Thermo Scientific. BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Beyotime.
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2

Real-Time PCR and Western Blot Analyses

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Real-time PCR and western blot were performed as we previously did [21 (link)]. For PCR, primers used were shown in Supporting Table S1. Antibody dilution: β-actin: Santa Cruz, 1:500; HNF1b: Prosci Technology, 1: 1000; GRP78: Bioworld Technology, 1:500; CHOP: Bioworld Technology, 1:500; eIF2ɑ: Bioworld Technology, 1:500; P-eIF2ɑ: Santa Cruz, 1:500; PERK: Bioworld Technology, 1:500; P-PERK: Abcam, 1:1000; Akt: Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000; P-Akt (S473): Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000; PPARɑ: Santa Cruz, 1:500; PPARγ: Santa Cruz, 1:500; Srebp-1: Santa Cruz, 1:500; FAS: Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000; FABP4: Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000.
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Western Blot Analysis of UPR Markers

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Proteins were extracted from the spleen tissue samples using a lysis buffer. Protein levels were determined using Bio-Rad DC Protein assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.). Proteins were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels and were then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Membranes were blocked in 5% fat-free milk in Tris-buffered saline for 60 min at room temperature with shaking and then probed with primary antibodies (1:1,000) against GRP78 (Bioworld Technology), PERK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), IRE1α (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), eIF2α (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), ATF-6α (Bioworld Technology), CHOP (Bioworld Technology), cleaved ATF4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-PERK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), p-IRE1α (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), p-eIF2α (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), and Actin (Bethyl Laboratories) overnight at 4˚C. After three washes, the membranes were incubated with secondary horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibodies (1:3,000) for 2 h at room temperature. The reactive proteins were detected using ECL (Amersham Life Sciences/GE Healthcare) and the intensity of bands was quantified densitometrically using the Vilber Lourmat Fusion fx7 system (Vilber Lourmat).
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4

Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of Gemcitabine, Curcumin, and Analogs

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Gemcitabine, Curcumin, DMC and BDMC were from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti Bcl-2, Bax, Activated-Caspase-3, Activated-PARP, GRP78 and CHOP antibodies were from Bioworld Technology, Inc. (Louis Park, MN, USA). Antibody to Cullin3 was from US Bio (MA, USA), and antibodies to Annexin A2, Prohibitin, p-eIF2α and eIF2α were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Unless specifically indicated, all other biochemical reagents were obtained from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cell lines were from Cell Culture Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). Briefly, PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone, Logan, Utah, USA) in a humid atmosphere incubator with 5% CO2 at 37°C. Cells were treated with drugs or vehicles after growing to 70% to 80% confluence.
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