Human subjects with medically intractable epilepsy undergoing inpatient invasive electrophysiologic mapping of their seizure focus were implanted at Harborview Medical Center (Seattle, WA) with subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) grids (8 by 8 contacts, 2.3 mm exposed diameter, Ad-tech Medical, Racine, WI, USA). ECoG grid placement was determined solely based on clinical needs without consideration of research benefits. Although the clinical management of each patient was tailored to their specific medical needs, the subjects’ antiepileptic medications generally were weaned or fully discontinued during the period of monitoring until a sufficient quantity of seizures had been captured to adequately localize their seizure focus, following which they resumed taking full doses of their anti-epileptic medications. We conducted all stimulation studies after subjects were back on their anti-epileptic medications, after approximately one week of clinical monitoring.
Human DBS subjects were implanted at University of Washington Medical Center (Seattle, WA) with DBS leads (Medtronic) and subdural ECoG strips (1 by 8 contacts, Ad-tech Medical, Racine, WI, USA).
All patients gave informed consent under protocols approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board.
Human DBS subjects were implanted at University of Washington Medical Center (Seattle, WA) with DBS leads (Medtronic) and subdural ECoG strips (1 by 8 contacts, Ad-tech Medical, Racine, WI, USA).
All patients gave informed consent under protocols approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board.