Silychristin and silydianin (≥ 98.0% purity) were purchased from ApexBio (Boston, MA, USA), silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B (≥ 98.0% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), silybin A (50:50 mixture of silybin A and B) and d4-daidzein (≥ 99.0% purity) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). HPLC-MS grade acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ultrapure water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, MA, USA). All other reagents and solvents were reagent grade or better and were purchased from VWR (Visalia, CA, USA).
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