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5 protocols using mgso4

1

Reagent Procurement for Microbial Cultivation

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FOS (purity ≥95% and moisture ≤5%) was purchased from Shandong Baoling Bao Biological Co. Ltd., China. Tryptone, bile salt, yeast extract, L-cysteine, and heme were purchased from Sigma Company, USA. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NaCl, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, metaphosphoric acid, and crotonic acid were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., China.
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2

Engineered E. coli Strains for Cinnamic Acid Production

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All strains and plasmids used and constructed in this study are listed in Table 1. E. coli Trans-T1 was used as the general cloning host for plasmid construction and propagation. E. coli BL21(DE3) and its derivatives were used for enzyme expression and fermentation. The plasmids pRSFDuet-1, pETDuet-1 and pCDFDuet-1 were used as expression plasmids for recombinant plasmid construction.
All E. coli strains were grown with 90 mg/L trans-cinnamic acid in M9CA, YM9 or YNB medium for production. M9CA medium (1 L) consisted of 13.3 g M9CA broth (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), 10 g glucose, 0.12 g MgSO4 and 0.5 mg VB1; YM9 medium (1 L) consisted of 11.3 g M9 salts (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), 42 g MOPs (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), 10 g yeast extract and 5% (v/v) glycerol [19 (link)]. For YNB medium, 100 mL of tenfold concentrated yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (Aladdin, Shanghai, China) and 10 g glucose was added to 900 mL base medium (6 g K2HPO4, 3 g KH2PO4, 10 g MOPS, pH 7.0).
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3

Fermentation of Soybean Residue with Yeast and LAB

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Fresh soybean residue was provided by Kangle Tofu Workshop (Changchun, China). Soybean residue should be dried for 24 h at 55 °C before reuse. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BNCC337309 was obtained from the BeNa Culture Collection (Beijing, China). The KC205 LAB strain was isolated and screened from homemade pickled cabbage juice by the food microbiology team of the Agro-product Process Institute of the Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and has the characteristics of strong acid production and acid resistance.
High temperature-resistant α -amylase (2 × 104 U/mL), papain (800 U/mg), and amyloglucosidase (1 × 105 U/mL), were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Peptone, yeast extract fermentation, glucose, NaCl, beef extract, anhydrous sodium acetate, sodium citrate, K2HPO4, MgSO4, MnSO4 and Tween 80 were all purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade or better.
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4

Bacterial Genome Manipulation Protocol

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Taq DNA polymerase, T4 DNA ligase and restriction enzymes (Xba I, Kpn I, Nhe I and Hind III) were purchased from Takara (Kyoto, Japan). Kits for genomic DNA exaction (E.Z.N.A.® Bacterial DNA Kit), plasmid extraction (E.Z.N.A.® Plasmid Mini Kit I) and DNA purification (E.Z.N.A.® Cycle Pure Kit) were purchased from Omega Bio-tek (Georgia, United States). Chemicals and reagents [Na2S2O3, K2S4O6, agar, (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, CaCl2, MgSO4, FeSO4, etc.] were purchased from Sangon (Shanghai, China) and Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). Primer synthesis and DNA sequencing were accomplished by GENEWIZ (Suzhou, China). All primers used in this study were listed in Supplementary Table S1. The genomic sequences and all sequences of flagella and chemotaxis related genes were downloaded from the public National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (Supplementary Table S2). BlastP and PsiBlast (Altschul et al., 1997 (link)) were used to further characterize candidate genes and their predicted protein products. Syntenic regions were displayed and analyzed with modification using Genomeviz (Ghai and Chakraborty, 2007 (link)).
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5

Vibrio cholerae El Tor Biotype Culture

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V. cholerae El Tor biotype strain C6706 was used in this study. All experiments involving the live V. cholerae such as the bacteria culture and the bacteria inactivation were operated in the BSL-2 Laboratory.
Luria-Bertani (LB) medium was purchased from Oxoid (UK). Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, NH4Cl, MgSO4, CalCl2, and glucose were purchased from Sangon Biotech (CHN). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), and formic acid (FA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (NJ, USA). Water was prepared by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, MA, USA).
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