Chitosan (low molecular weight grade, DD 75–85%) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, France; cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, in rod-like shapes with 90.94 ± 10.05 nm lengths and 12.58 ± 0.87 nm diameters) from CelluForce, Canada; sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), Tween 80 and glycerol was obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific, France; glacial acetic acid from Merck; commercial beeswax (BW) was acquired from PT Bronson and Jacobs, Indonesia. Demineralized water (conductivity of 0.06 mS cm−1) produced by a purification chain (Veolia, France) was used for all experiments. All the materials are used as a laboratory-grade without further purification.
Sodium tripolyphosphate
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a chemical compound with the formula Na5P3O10. It is a white, crystalline solid that is used as a water softener, detergent builder, and emulsifier in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glycerol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan from shrimp shell, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cellulose acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Milli q direct system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly d glucosamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tris base, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Rhodamine b, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Vanillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid hcl, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Low molecular weight chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluorescamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using sodium tripolyphosphate
1
Chitosan-Cellulose Nanocomposite Synthesis
2
Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Hydrogel Synthesis
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Chitosan from shrimp shell (low molecular weight grade, DD 75–85%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France. Glacial acetic acid, glycerol, and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were obtained from Thermo Fisher, Scientific, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France, and CNC were bought from CelluForce, QC, Canada. Demineralized water (conductivity of 0.06 mS cm−1) produced by a purification chain (Veolia, Paris, France) was used for all experiments.
3
Chitosan Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
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Cellulose acetate (MW ∼100,000 Da; acetyl content ∼39.7 wt%) was purchased from VWR International (VWR international, Radnor, PA, USA). Low-molecular-weight chitosan (100–150 kDA, DDA ≈ 85%) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used throughout the present work were purchased from Shanghai X-Y Biotechnology Co.
4
Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Film Development
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The following chemicals were used during this research: low-molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (50 to 190 kDa), deacetylated chitin, Poly (D-glucosamine) from Sigma-Aldrich; sodium tripolyphosphate—TPP (MW = 367.85 g/mol) from Acros Organics, Belgium; hydro-alcoholic natural tincture of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), 10% T. vulgaris L., 90% ethanol (15%) from Soria Natural, Spain; acetic acid (MW = 60.05 g/mol), ≥99.8% from Sigma-Aldrich; ethanol (MW = 46.07 g/mol), 99.8% (GC) from Honeywell Sigma-Aldrich; MilliQ water—Milli-Q Direct system—Millipore, 0.2 μm PES High Flux Capsule Filter; polyethylene—PE normal quality, transparent, GSM = 46.28 g/m2 (thickness 50 µm, slippery 0.207) from Makoter d.o.o.; polypropylene—PP normal transparent oriented, GSM = 22.93 g/m2 (thickness 27 µm, slippery 0.278) from Manucor S.p.A., Italy.
5
Tyrosol-Cyclodextrin Conjugate Synthesis
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Tyrosol was purchased from Fluorochem (Hadfield, Derbyshire, UK), β-Cyclodextrin in an assay ≥99% (HPLC) was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and Chitosan (5–20 mPa·s, 0.5% in 0.5% Acetic Acid at 20 °C) from TCI (TCI (Shanghai, China). Tween 80, Tris Base, rhodamine B and deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt, calf thymus were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). For all the experiments double-deionised water was used.
6
Chitosan Microsphere Fabrication and Characterization
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Microspheres were prepared using chitosan (CS) brand 90/200/A1 (deacetylation degree and viscosity of 91.9% and 128 mPa·s (1% at 20 °C in 1% acetic acid solution)), provided by Biolog Heppe (Landsberg, Germany). The ionic crosslinking bath was prepared using sodium tripolyphosphate purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) supplied from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) (as coagulation bath pH adjuster). For the covalent crosslinking, vanillin (99% of purity), acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, United States), was employed. For chitosan dissolution and swelling tests, glacial acetic acid (AcAc) purchased from JT Baker (Matsonford, PA, USA) was used. Distilled water was employed for the preparation of the dissolutions. Potassium bromide (KBr) (≥99% of purity) was used to prepare the pellets used for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.
7
Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Low-molecular-weight chitosan (molecular weight of 207 kDa, deacetylation degree of 77.6%), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (Ellman’s reagent), and fluorescamine were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Rehovot, Israel). Sodium tripolyphosphate was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). Sodium chloride and NaOH were obtained from Bio-Lab Ltd. (Jerusalem, Israel). Acetic acid glacial, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4 * H2O, KH2PO4, sodium acetate and L-cysteine monohydrate hydrochloride were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium chloride was obtained from Nile Chemicals (Mumbai, India). PEGDA with a molecular weight of 10 kDa was obtained from the laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was purchased from Tzamal D-Chem (Petach Tikva, Israel). Classic citrus pectin (CU 701; degree of esterification of 34%, GalA of 86%) was kindly donated by Herbstreith & Fox (Neuenbürg, Germany).
8
Centella asiatica Bioactive Scaffold Development
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Centella asiatica (CA) was supplied from a Portuguese botanic shop (CHÁ HUNOS, Lda., Portugal) without any additives. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells were purchased from ATCC—American Type Culture Collection. Polycaprolactone (PCL) (MW 80.000 g/mol), Chitosan (CS) (low molecular weight) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (MW 115.000 g/mol) was purchased from VWR Chemicals. Ethanol absolute, Chloroform, Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Glacial acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Chemical. Nutrient agar (NA), Nutrient broth (NB), and Agar for microbiology were provided from Fluka. Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth was obtained from Panreac. Mueller Hinton broth (MHB), Tween 80, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Trypsin, and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. All solvents were used as received from the manufacturer.
9
Characterizing Milk Protein Powder Additives
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An additive-free, commercial MC powder containing ~87% protein and ~7% lactose was used for this study (Naked Nutrition, Coral Gables, FL) . Mineral content of the powder was ~36 mg per g of powder with ~20 mg being calcium. According to the information provided by the manufacturer, the MC was produced from skim milk following an acid-free, bleach-free cold process. Sodium phosphate monobasic (CAS 7558-80-7, phosphates = 1, MSP), sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic (CAS 7722-88-5, phosphates = 2, TSPP), sodium polyphosphate (CAS 68915-31-1, molecular weight 1,733 g•mol -1 , phosphates = 17, linear, SPP), and HEPES buffer were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sodium tripolyphosphate (CAS 7758-29-4, phosphates = 3, linear, STPP), sodium trimetaphosphate (CAS 7785-84-4, phosphates = 3, ring, STMP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (CAS 10124-56-8, phosphates = 6, ring, SHMP) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Water with a resistivity of ~18.2 MΩ•cm was used for the preparation of solutions. pH determinations were performed at room temperature (20 ± 2°C) using an Ion 700 bench-top pH meter (Oakton, Vernon Hills, IL) that was calibrated before measurements. The HCl and NaOH (concentrated and diluted solutions as required) were used for pH adjustments.
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