Ingenia 3t mri scanner

Body composition was analysed using MRI. The participants were scanned in a Philips Ingenia 3 T MRI scanner (Philips Healthcare, the Netherlands) using a 6-minute dual-echo Dixon protocol, providing water and fat separated volumetric data covering a region from the neck to the knees. Body composition profiling39 (link) was performed using AMRA^® Researcher (AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden). The analysis consisted of the following steps: 1) automatic image calibration, 2) automatic labelling and registration of fat and muscle regions to the acquired image volumes, 3) quality control of anatomical regions and MR-data performed by trained analysis engineers at AMRA Medical, and 4) quantification of fat and muscle volumes based on the calibrated images.40–43 (link) The measurements included the volumes of VAT, “abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue” (ASAT), and the sum of these, that is, the “total abdominal adipose tissue” (TAAT). The volumetric adipose tissue measurements were normalised for height (ASATi, VATi and TAATi) and expressed as L/m². The “total thigh fat-free muscle volume” (FFMV) and mean anterior thigh MFI were also measured, and the assessments of those measurements are described in the following sections.

All structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired using the same Philips Ingenia 3T MRI scanner equipped with a 15-channel volume head coil for signal excitation and reception. High-resolution T1-weighted structural images were acquired using a standard T1-weighted imaging turbo field echo (T1W 3D TFE) scan (TR/TE/flip angle (FA): 8.1 ms/3.7 ms/8°, matrix:256 × 256 × 165, field of view (FOV): 256 mm × 256 mm, voxel size: 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm, number of slices: 165, no gap). DTI and rsFC scans were all captured on the same version and hardware. DTI sequences included gradients applied in 32 directions with a b value of 1000 s/mm² (TR/TE/FA: 11000 ms/111 ms/90°, matrix size = 128 × 126, FOV: 256 mm × 256 mm and slice thickness: 2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm, number of slices: 2380 axial; slices). Resting-state functional images were acquired using T2*-weighted Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) sequence (TR/TE/FA: 1600 ms/22 ms/70°, matrix size: 128 × 128, FOV: 224 mm × 224 mm slice thickness: 1.75 mm × 1.75 mm × 3.5 mm, number of slices: 9694 axial slices) for the resting-state scan acquired with the subject's eyes closed (lasting about ~7 min/262 volumes).

All MRA examinations were performed with an Achieva or Ingenia 3-T MRI scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) using a dedicated shoulder coil. Prior to MR acquisition, intra-articular contrast administration was performed under fluoroscopic guidance. A 22-gauge spinal needle was placed into the glenohumeral joint with an anterior approach and 1–2 mL of iodinated contrast medium was injected to confirm the intra-articular location of the needle. Approximately 10–12 mL of a dilute solution of gadolinium-based contrast agent (Gadovist; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) with a concentration of 2.5 mmol/L was injected. MR imaging of the shoulder was initiated within 30 minutes post-injection. T1 SPIR images were obtained in the axial, oblique coronal (perpendicular to the glenoid or parallel to the long axis of the supraspinatus tendon), and oblique sagittal (parallel to the glenoid or perpendicular to the long axis of the supraspinatus tendon) planes. T2 TSE images were also acquired in axial, oblique coronal, and oblique sagittal planes. The detailed parameters of all sequences are summarized in Table 1.