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5 protocols using mrt67307

1

HEV Infectious Virus Stock Generation

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The infectious cDNA clones of HEV G1 (pSK-HEV-2 from the Sar-55 strain) (15 (link)) and G3 (p6 from the Kernow-C1 strain) were generous gifts from Dr. Suzanne U. Emerson (NIH, Bethesda, MD), whereas the infectious cDNA clone of G4 (pHEV-4TW from the TW6196E strain) has been described previously (37 (link)). The Huh7-S10-3 cell line was also a gift from Dr. Emerson. S10-3 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% FBS (Gibco), penicillin (250 IU/mL) and streptomycin (250 μg/mL) at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. MRT67307, BX795, and ribavirin were purchased from Selleck Chemicals, and peg-IFNα-2a was purchased from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals.
The G3 Kernow-C1 HEV infectious virus stock used for gerbil inoculation was rescued from the p6 infectious cDNA clones in S10-3 cells as described previously (16 (link), 36 (link)). The viral RNA titer of the rescued infectious HEV stock was determined by real-time qRT-PCR (56 (link)), with 6.83 × 106 genome equivalents (GE) of viral RNA/100 μL medium, giving an infectivity of 1 fluorescent focus-forming unit (FFU)/5,618 GE, as determined previously (50 (link)).
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2

Detailed Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Protocols

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Universal type I IFN was purchased from PBL biomedical laboratories. Cells were generally treated by IFN at 1000 U/ml or as specified. Recombinant murine TNFα and IL-1β were purchased from Peprotech. LPS was purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 and TBK1/IKKε inhibitor MRT67307 were purchased from Selleckchem. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt [poly (I:C)], Arsenic(III) Oxide and JAK inhibitor I were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly (dA:dT)/LyoVec was purchased from Invivogen. Antibodies used in western blot analyses: Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich), p-p38 (Cell Signaling Technology), p-JNK (Cell Signaling Technology) and IkBα (Biolegend) were purchased from the respective manufacturers. Rabbit anti-mouse ISG15 polyclonal antibodies have been described previously (44 (link)). Fc blocker (anti CD16/32) was purchased from eBiosciences. A full list of antibodies is shown in Table S3.
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3

Modulation of BMDM Activation Pathways

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BMDMs were stimulated with MRT67307 (Selleckchem, cat no. S7948), BX795 (Medchemexpress, cat no. HY-10514), 10 μM GSK2982772 (Selleckchem, cat no. S8484), or 20μM Necrostatin-s1 (Selleckchem, cat no. S8641) for the indicated times in the presence of 20 ng/ml mM-CSF.
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4

HEV Infectious Virus Stock Generation

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The infectious cDNA clones of HEV G1 (pSK-HEV-2 from the Sar-55 strain) (15 (link)) and G3 (p6 from the Kernow-C1 strain) were generous gifts from Dr. Suzanne U. Emerson (NIH, Bethesda, MD), whereas the infectious cDNA clone of G4 (pHEV-4TW from the TW6196E strain) has been described previously (37 (link)). The Huh7-S10-3 cell line was also a gift from Dr. Emerson. S10-3 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% FBS (Gibco), penicillin (250 IU/mL) and streptomycin (250 μg/mL) at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. MRT67307, BX795, and ribavirin were purchased from Selleck Chemicals, and peg-IFNα-2a was purchased from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals.
The G3 Kernow-C1 HEV infectious virus stock used for gerbil inoculation was rescued from the p6 infectious cDNA clones in S10-3 cells as described previously (16 (link), 36 (link)). The viral RNA titer of the rescued infectious HEV stock was determined by real-time qRT-PCR (56 (link)), with 6.83 × 106 genome equivalents (GE) of viral RNA/100 μL medium, giving an infectivity of 1 fluorescent focus-forming unit (FFU)/5,618 GE, as determined previously (50 (link)).
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5

Antiretroviral and Innate Immune Activation

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3-Azido-3-deoxythymidine (zidovudine, AZT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Raltegravir (RAL) was obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. MRT67307, a pharmacological inhibitor of IKKϵ and TBK1, was purchased from Selleckchem. When appropriate, differentiated macrophages were incubated with 100 ng/ml of lipopolisaccaride (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich) or 10 µg/ml of Poly I:C (Sigma-Aldrich), during4 hours at 37 °C.
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