Mm 1s

Myeloma-cell lines MM.1R and U266 were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA), RPMI-8226 and MM.1S from the National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Beijing, China), NCI-H929 from Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China), respectively; ANBL-6, ARP-1, CAG, OPM-2 were kind gifts from Dr. Robert Z. Orlowski at the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center. MM cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 15% of fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 mg/ml of streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine (Gibco, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The HEK293T cells were cultured in DMEM-high glucose media with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 mg/ml of streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine. These cells were all cultured at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ (Gibco, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). All cells were STR authenticated (Biowing Biotech, Shanghai, China) and mycoplasma-free confirmed with the Universal Mycoplasma Detection Kit (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

The MM cell lines MM.1S were from the National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Beijing, China); the LP-1 cells were a gift of Robert Orlowski (University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; and the ^WHSC1(+/+)KMS-11 and ^WHSC1(+/–)KMS-11 and parental lines were obtained from Horizon Discovery Ltd. The induction of bortezomib-resistant cells has been described in a previous publication (27 (link)). Cells were short tandem repeat (STR) authenticated and substantiated as mycoplasma free. CCK8 assays to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometric analysis to detect apoptosis were performed as previously described (28 (link), 41 (link)).