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Vectastain abc solution

Manufactured by Vector Laboratories
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Vectastain ABC solution is a ready-to-use reagent system designed for the sensitive detection of antigens in immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical procedures. It contains an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex that amplifies the signal, providing enhanced visualization of the target antigen.

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7 protocols using vectastain abc solution

1

Neuroanatomical Tracing Technique

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Brains were removed and postfixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution in 0.1M PBS and cryoprotected as above. In all cases, the BDA injections were made in combination with the fluorescent tracer Fluororuby in the contralateral hemisphere. For this tissue, a “1‐in‐4” series was mounted directly for fluorescence imaging and one for cresyl violet staining. Another series was collected free floating in 0.1M PBS before being washed three times, for 10 min each, in 0.1M PBST. Sections were incubated in the Vectastain ABC solution (Vector Labs, Peterborough, UK) for 2 h, then washed in PBST twice for 10 min each followed by a further three washes in 0.1M PBS. Sections were then reacted with diamino benzidine (DAB; Vector Labs, Peterborough, UK) and intensified with nickel after which they were mounted, dried and coverslipped, as described above.
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2

Peroxidase Immunohistochemistry for BrdU and Ki67

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Peroxidase immunohistochemistry was performed essentially as described previously.43 (link) Briefly, floating sections were incubated in hydrogen peroxide (1% in PBS) to destroy endogenous peroxidase activity; underwent antigen unmasking in 1 m HCL for 35 min at 37 °C (for BrdU only); were incubated in blocking buffer consisting of 0.2% Triton X (Sigma-Aldrich) and 5% v/v normal donkey serum (Merck-Millipore, Kilsyth, VIC, Australia) in 100 mm PBS for 1 h; were incubated in either sheep anti-BrdU (Exalpha Biologicals, Watertown, MA, USA) diluted 1/1000 or rabbit anti-Ki67 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Australia, Scoresby, VIC, Australia) diluted 1/200 in blocking buffer overnight at 20 °C; were incubated with biotinylated rabbit anti-sheep (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) or biotinylated goat anti-rabbit Ki67 (Vector Laboratories) diluted at 1/500 for 2 h; incubated with Vectastain ABC solution (1:100, Vector Laboratories) for 1 h; developed with diaminobenzidine liquid chromogen kit (1:50, Dako Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia); were mounted on slides and then cover-slipped with DPX. Unless otherwise stated, each step occurred at room temperature and was followed by thorough washing with 100 mm PBS.
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3

Immunohistochemical Quantification of cFos

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After completion of UBD, animals were injected with Euthasol and brains removed and processed as described above; for PBn cFos experiments, sham animals were catheterized but did not have bladders distended. Ten CeA or PBn sections identified using the Paxinos and Franklin Brain Atlas were incubated in 1% H2O2 in PBS for 5 minutes, rinsed with PBS, and then blocked in 10% normal goat serum (NGS) and 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 1 hour. Sections were incubated with rabbit anti-cFos primary antibody (1:20,000, Millipore Cat #ABE457; in 3% NGS, 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS) overnight at 4°C. After PBS wash, sections were incubated with goat anti-rabbit biotinylated immunoglobulin G (1:200, Vector; in 1% NGS in PBS) for 1 hour. Sections were rinsed with PBS, incubated in Vectastain ABC solution (Vector) for 1 hour, washed with PBS again, and then placed in DAB substrate working solution (Vector) for 60 seconds. After a final rinse in PBS, sections were mounted, coverslipped, and viewed using a Nikon Eclipse E600 light microscope. After delineating the CeA or PBn, cFos-positive cells were counted and averaged across sections for each animal using ImageJ software by an experimenter blinded to treatment and side of brain.
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4

CD68 Immunohistochemistry in Brain Sections

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Individual brain sections were mounted and dried on chrome gelatin-coated Superfrost-plus slides (VWR, Lutterworth, UK). To visualize CD68 immunoreactivity, sections were treated with 30% H2O2 in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 30 minutes. They were blocked with 15% rabbit serum in TBS-Tween 20 for 30 minutes. This was followed by the addition of primary antibody, rat anti-mouse CD68 (1:100; Bio-Rad, Watford, UK) in 10% serum, and TBS-Tween 20 and left overnight at 4°C. The following day the sections were treated with secondary biotinylated rabbit anti-mouse antibody (1:1000; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and goat anti-rat (1:1000 dilution; Vector Laboratories) in 10% serum in TBS-Tween 20 for 2 hours. The sections were incubated for a further 2 hours with Vectastain ABC solution (Vector Laboratories). A total of 0.05% of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine was added and left for 2 minutes. Sections were transferred to ice-cold TBS. The slides were dehydrated in 100% ethanol and placed in Histoclear (National Diagnostics, Nottingham, UK) for 30 minutes before adding a coverslip with DPX mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK).
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5

Immunohistochemical Localization of NeuN and WGA

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NeuN and WGA (Vector Labs) were localised immunohistochemically (Horikawa & Powell, 1986). Initially, a 1‐in‐3 series of sections was washed (3 × 10 min) in 0.1 m PBS, followed by two further washes in 0.1 m PBST. Sections were then incubated for 48 h in a primary solution (anti‐WGA raised in goat; 1 : 2000 dilution, Vector Labs; anti‐NeuN; 1 : 5000, Chemicon, Chandlers Ford, UK) with 2% normal horse serum in 0.1 m PBST. Following incubation, sections were washed (3 × 10 min) in 0.1M PBST before being incubated for 2 h in a secondary antibody solution (for WGA, biotinylated rabbit antigoat at a 1 : 200 dilution; for NeuN, biotinylated horse antimouse at a 1 : 250 dilution; both from Vector Labs). After further washes in PBST (3 × 10 min), sections were incubated in the Vectastain ABC solution (Vector Labs) for 2 h, then washed in PBST twice for 10 min each followed by three further washes in 0.1M PBS. Sections were then reacted with diaminobenzidine (0.05% with 0.01%H2O2; DAB; Sigma–Aldrich). Once the desired level of staining was achieved, the reaction was stopped with washes in 0.1M PBS (3 × 10 min). Sections were then mounted, dehydrated and coverslipped, as above.
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6

Mapping Neuronal Activation via Immediate-Early Gene Immunoreactivity

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Immediate-early gene immunoreactivity was used to regionally map neuronal activation as a function of IL stimulation. Briefly, sections were rinsed in KPBS, incubated in 0.03% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min, rinsed, and placed in blocking solution (KPBS, 0.1% BSA, and 0.2% TritonX-100) for 1 h at room temperature. Tissue was then incubated in rabbit polyclonal anti-Fos (sc-253) antibody (1:1,000; Santa Cruz) overnight at 4°C. This antibody labels multiple members of the Fra family, including Fra1, Fra2, c-Fos, and FosB (Ferrer et al. 1996 (link); Budzikowski et al. 1998 (link); Davern and Head 2007 (link)), and is a marker of recent neuronal activation (McClung et al. 2004 (link)). The following day, slices were rinsed and transferred into biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibody (1:500; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) for 1 h and then rinsed again. Slices were incubated in Vectastain ABC Solution (1:1,000; Vector Laboratories) for 1 h and then rinsed and incubated in diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide (0.02% diaminobenzidine/0.09% hydrogen peroxide in KPBS) for 10 min. Following incubation, slices were rinsed, slide mounted, dehydrated in graded ethanol, and cover slipped.
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Myelin Basic Protein

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Immunohistochemical detection of myelin basic protein (MBP) was performed as described previously (Klocke et al. 2017 (link)). Briefly, whole brains (N=6-11/sex/exposure group; total N=33) were extracted at PNDs 11-15 following rapid decapitation and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 24 hrs and post-fixed in 30% sucrose. Post-fixed brains were sectioned sagittally at 40 μm in a 6-series on a freezing-sliding microtome into cryoprotectant and stored at −20º C until staining. Free-floating sections were washed to remove cryoprotectant and quench endogenous peroxidases, then blocked in 10% normal goat serum (NGS) followed by overnight incubation in a solution containing primary antibody against MBP (1:1000; Millipore, Billerica, MA) and 1% NGS. A single well of tissue incubated overnight in 1% NGS without primary antibody served as a negative control. Tissue was incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody and Vectastain ABC solution (Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA) the following day. Chromogenic antibody detection was then performed using metal-enhanced 3,3’-diaminobenzidinetetrahydrochloride (DAB; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Tissue sections were mounted onto Superfrost Plus slides (VWR, Radnor, PA) and coverslipped with Cytoseal 60 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA).
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