Anti oat1

Allopurinol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). High-fructose corn syrup (90% fructose and 5% glucose) was purchased from Fonen and Fonher Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Tainan, Taiwan). Chrysin, a yellow powder and soluble in 0.5% CMC-Na solution, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), with a purity of ≥ 98%. The ELISA kit of xanthine oxidase (XO) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The ELISA kit of IL-1β was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-ABCG2 and anti-OAT1 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-GLUT9 was obtained from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA), and anti-URAT1 was obtained from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). The mouse polyclonal anti-ASC and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-caspase-1 was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), and anti-NLRP3 was obtained from NOVUS Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA).

Hypoxanthine (HX, 99%) and oxonic acid potassium salt (OAS, 97%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (USA). Allopurinol was purchased from Shanghai Xinyi Wanxiang Pharmaceutical Group Ltd. (Shanghai, China). UA kit was purchased from Nanjing Jian Cheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). SP Rabbit HRP (DAB) immunohistochemical kit was obtained from Jiangsu Kang Wei Shi Ji Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). The primers were purchased from Genscript (Nanjing, China), Trizol was commercially obtained from Invitrogen (USA), and Revert Aid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit and PowerUp™ SYBR™ Green Master Mix were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (USA). Anti-OAT1 was purchased from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, UK), Anti-OAT3 from Changzhou Xiangtai Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Changzhou, China), Anti-URAT1 from Abbiotec Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-GLUT9 was purchased from Millipore Inc. (USA). Other biochemical reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.