Gene specific primers

Total RNA from the cells was prepared using a Trizol reagent according to the manufacturer’s protocol (TaKaRa, China). Reverse transcription of total RNA to cDNA was performed using a first-strand cDNA synthesis kit (Roche Diagnostics, USA). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using SYBR Select Master Mix (ThermoFisher, USA) and gene-specific primers (Genepharma, China) on an ABI 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA). mRNA expression data were normalized to that of GAPDH. For miRNA detection, total RNA and miRNA were isolated with Trizol reagent using DirectzolTM RNA Miniprep (Zymo Research, CA, USA). RNA was reverse-transcribed using the miScript Reverse Transcription kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative PCR was performed using the miScript SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen, Germany) and miScript Primer assays (Qiagen, Germany) for miRNAs and RNU6 as an internal control. miRNAs were detected on ABI 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Relative expression values were normalized to the internal control using the 2-∆∆ Ct method. Primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 2.