The experiments were performed under MRI guidance. T2-weighted imaging was used to plan the treatments (parameters: repetition time (TR): 2000 ms; echo time (TE): 79.7 ms; echo train length (ETL): 8; matrix size: 256×256; slice thickness/spacing: 1 mm/interleaved; field of view (FOV): 8 cm; number of excitations/averages (NEX): 2; bandwidth: 15.63 kHz). BBB disruption was evaluated using T1-weighted imaging (parameters: TR/TE: 500/13 ms; ETL: 4; matrix size: 256×256; slice thickness/spacing: 1 mm/interleaved; FOV: 8 cm; NEX: 4; flip angle: 90°; bandwidth: 15.63 kHz) after administration of the MRI contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist Gd-DTPA; Bayer Healthcare; 0.25 mL/kg). T2*-weighted imaging (parameters:TR/TE: 33.3/19 ms; matrix size: 256×256×28; slice thickness: 0.8 mm; FOV: 8 cm; NEX: 1; flip angle: 15°; bandwidth: 15.63 kHz) was used to examine whether petechiae, which are produced by excessive FUS exposures [11 (link)], did or did not occur (Fig 2A ).
Magnevist gd dtpa
Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in Germany
Magnevist Gd-DTPA is a gadolinium-based contrast agent used in medical imaging procedures. It is a paramagnetic compound that can enhance the visibility of certain structures or tissues within the body when used in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
N hydroxysuccinimide nhs, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Gdcl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Verio 3.0t mri system, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pbs buffer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
1640 medium rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethylenediamine, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
7 protocols using magnevist gd dtpa
1
MRI-Guided Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption
2
Structural MRI of Mouse Brain Tumor
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Mice were scanned at regular intervals in a 9.4 T small-animal MR scanner (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, US) with a 35-mm quadrature driven birdcage radiofrequency coil (Rapid Biomedical, Rimpar, Germany) under inhalation anesthesia (1.5% isoflurane and atmospheric oxygen). End-stage structural MR images were routinely acquired <24 hours prior to sacrifice.
The MR protocols included coronal multislice T1-weighted fast spin echo sequence (TR/TEeff = 1500/8.3 ms, 6 averages, slice thickness 0.75 mm with 62.5 x 62.5 μm in-plane resolution) and T2-weighted fast spin echo (TR/TEeff = 4000/46 ms, 4 averages, slice thickness 0.75 mm with 62.5 x 62.5 μm in-plane resolution). Magnevist™ Gd-DTPA (Bayer, Whippany, NJ, USA) was injected intraperitoneally at 0.5 mmol/kg. T1-weighted images were acquired before and 15 min after contrast injection. MR images were evaluated for areas containing contrast-enhancing tumor on T1 or T2-hyperintensity using anatomical landmarks as described in a standard mouse brain reference atlas [29].
The MR protocols included coronal multislice T1-weighted fast spin echo sequence (TR/TEeff = 1500/8.3 ms, 6 averages, slice thickness 0.75 mm with 62.5 x 62.5 μm in-plane resolution) and T2-weighted fast spin echo (TR/TEeff = 4000/46 ms, 4 averages, slice thickness 0.75 mm with 62.5 x 62.5 μm in-plane resolution). Magnevist™ Gd-DTPA (Bayer, Whippany, NJ, USA) was injected intraperitoneally at 0.5 mmol/kg. T1-weighted images were acquired before and 15 min after contrast injection. MR images were evaluated for areas containing contrast-enhancing tumor on T1 or T2-hyperintensity using anatomical landmarks as described in a standard mouse brain reference atlas [29].
3
Synthesis and Characterization of PGG-PTX Nanoconjugate
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PGG-PTX nanoconjugate (Poly-(L-γ-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel) (PTX, 34.9 wt%) were synthesized by our laboratory26 (link). p-NH2-Bn-DTPA (S-2-(4-Aminobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) was purchased from Macrocyclicas (USA). GdCl3·6H2O, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N,N′-dimethylaminopyridine were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Magnevist (Gd-DTPA) was obtained from Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Berlin, Germany). N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) was purchased from EMD Chemicals Inc. (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents were commercially available and directly used.
Human NCI-H460 carcinoma cell line was obtained from ATCC. Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) was purchased from DOJINDO Laboratorise chemical technology (Shanghai) co., LTD. DiO (3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine, perchlorate) and DiR (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl indotricarbocyanine Iodide) were purchased from Tianjin Biolite Biotech Co., LTD. Hoechst 33342 was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology.
Human NCI-H460 carcinoma cell line was obtained from ATCC. Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) was purchased from DOJINDO Laboratorise chemical technology (Shanghai) co., LTD. DiO (3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine, perchlorate) and DiR (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl indotricarbocyanine Iodide) were purchased from Tianjin Biolite Biotech Co., LTD. Hoechst 33342 was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology.
4
MRI-Guided FUS-BBBD and Lipo-DOX Evaluation
5
Comprehensive MRI Imaging Protocols
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The Siemens Verio 3.0-T MRI system used in this study (Siemens; Munich, Germany). Post-MRI processing and image evaluation were carried outin a syngo R MR WorkPlace (Siemens) workstation. A LF Optistar TM LE double-syringe power injector (Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; St Louis, MO) was used. The MRI scanning sequence included conventional T 1 WI, T 2 WI, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), DWI, SWI, and PWI, with a test time of about 12 minutes. Scanning parameters for T 1 WI, T 2 WI, T 1 -FLAIR, DWI, and SWI included TR = 1500 ms, TE = 30 ms, FA = 90 • , slice thickness = 4.0 mm, slice gap = 5.2 mm, FOV = 230 × 100 mm, and slice number = 950 (single selection). A total of 900 consecutive images were selected from 60 groups. Magnevist (Gd-DTPA; Bayer Schering, Leverkusen, Germany) was used as the MRI contrast agent at a dosage of 0.1 mmol/kg. A bolus injection was administered using the power injector at a rate of 4 ml/s.
6
Intrathecal Gadolinium Injection for MRI
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Injection of the MRI-contrast was done by CT-guided lumbar puncture using a 64 slice Siemens mCT Biograph PET/CT system. CT dosimetry for the procedure was calculated by a board-certified physicist using CT-Expo v.24 software. The total body dose was 0.6 mSv and 0.9 mSv for males and females. The lumbar puncture was performed utilizing a 22-gauge atraumatic Whitacre-type needle (Gertie-Marx). The vial of contrast was visually inspected by both the nurse and the physician, and the expiration date checked prior to administration to ensure the correct date and drug was used. All subjects received a fixed dose of (0.5 cc, Magnevist, Gd-DTPA; Bayer, Whippany NJ) followed by a 5.0 cc saline flush limiting the chance of a dosing error. Intrathecal gadolinium is considered an FDA off-label use, however there is considerable clinical data demonstrating its safety at the low dose used in this study [16] . Vital signs were monitored during the procedure.
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Mn-DTPA Contrast Agent
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Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2•4H2O), ethylenediamine and acetone were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Magnevist (Gd-DTPA) was obtained from Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Berlin, Germany). Concentrated nitric acid was received from Zhongtai Chemical Reagents Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was received from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-HE4 monoclonal antibody was supplied by the Abcam (Shanghai) Trading Ltd. Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 Medium (RPMI-1640), fetal bovine serum (FBS), PBS buffer, EDTA-trypsin, and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (MD, USA). All other chemicals were used in this study were analytical grade.
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