Nicolet is10 series

Real-time FTIR rheological analysis was performed with NIR light irradiation employing a setup coupled with ATR-FTIR (Nicolet iS10 series, Thermo Fisher) and rheometer (HAAKE MARS60 equipped with Rheonaut annex, Thermo Fisher). A specific sample volume (150 μl) was placed at the center of the ATR plate, and the measurements were conducted at a defined temperature (25 °C) and sample thickness (300 μm). The formulations (BPA10EODMA, 1 wt% BAPO) were sheared by using oscillation time sweep mode with 1 Hz oscillation frequency and 5% strain. During the measurements, the storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded. The intensity of the laser was measured using a calibrated fiber optic spectrometer (LP100, Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd). The evolution of double-bond content was continuously monitored by the decrease of the area of 1638 cm⁻¹ band, and the benzene peak at 1600 cm⁻¹ was used as the internal reference. The double-bond conversions (DC%) were calculated from Eq. (1) below: $\mathrm{DC}\left(\%\right)=\left(1-\frac{A_{X,t}}{A_{X,0}}\cdot \frac{A_{ST,0}}{A_{ST,t}}\right)\times 100$ where A₀ and A_t represent the area of the IR absorption peak of functional group before irradiation and after t time. The subscripts ST and X represent the reference peak and the double bond peak.

UV–Vis absorption spectra of titanocene and pigments were dispersed in acetonitrile employing a spectrophotometer model as EMCLAB EMC-61PC-UV. Tensile test was exhibited by Instron 5967X Universal Testing Systems. Conversion of functional groups were monitored by computing the decrease of characteristic absorption peak utilizing ATR-FTIR. Real-time FTIR rheological analysis was performed with NIR light irradiation employing a setup fused with ATR-FTIR (Nicolet iS10 series, ThermoFisher) and rheometer (HAAKE MARS60 equipped with Rheonaut annex, ThermoFisher), as shown in Supplementary Fig. 3. The conversion of functional groups (K_f,t) was calculated as followed equation: $K_{f,t}=\left(1-\frac{p_{f,t}/p_{f,i}}{p_{r,t}/p_{r,i}}\right)\times 100\%,$ where P_f,t and P_f,i stands for integrated peak area of functional groups at different status or initial status, and P_r,t and P_r,i are integrated reference peak area of non-reactive groups at different status or initial status to exclude interference of physical factors.