Doxycycline was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA, and oxalic acid, Na2HPO4, citric acid, and Na2EDTA were acquired from Fisher Scientific Co. (Springfield, NJ, USA). HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Strata™ X SPE cartridge was acquired from Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA. De-ionized water was produced through Milli-Q, Germany, with 18.2 MΩ cm−1 resistivity.
Oxalic acid
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Belgium
Oxalic acid is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2O4. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a reagent in various laboratory applications. Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and has a wide range of chemical and physical properties that make it useful for various analytical and experimental purposes in a laboratory setting.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Choline chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
L proline, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Citric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Urea, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Doxycycline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Na2edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Strata x spe cartridge, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
2 m hcl, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Stonebrink selective agar, by BD (1 mentions)
Panta, by BD (1 mentions)
Dulbecco a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
22 protocols using oxalic acid
1
Doxycycline Extraction and Quantification
2
Radiolabeling of Zirconium-89 via Proton Irradiation
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89Zr was produced in house by the 89Y(p,n) 89Zr reaction via an adaptation of the methods of Walther et al. [42 (link)] and Dabkowskiet al. [43 (link)]. Briefly, a disk of natural abundance 89Y foil (300 µm thick, Goodfellow, Huntingdon, UK) in a custom made aluminium holder was loaded into a COSTIS Solid Target System (STS) fitted to an IBA Cyclone (18/9) cyclotron (Brussels, Belgium) equipped with a 400 µm thick niobium beam degrader. The disk was irradiated for 4 h with a beam of energy of 40 µA. The irradiated disk was left in the cyclotron for 12 h to allow any short lived 89mZr to decay to 89Zr before removal for purification (activity 1.5-2 GBq). The disk was then dissolved in 2 M HCl (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) with stirring and heat and the 89Zr was isolated by flowing over a hydroxymate functionalized ion exchange resin column (freshly prepared in house for each separation). The column was rinsed with 2 M HCl and water to remove 89Y before the 89Zr was eluted with 1 M oxalic acid (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and collected in 3 fractions of 1 mL. The most concentrated fraction contained 800–1000 MBq, which equates to a specific activity of 8.9–11.1 MBq/mg of oxalic acid (800–1000 MBq/mmol).
3
Mycobacterium Isolation from Tissue Samples
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Tissue samples for microbiological culture were processed in a Containment Level 3 (CL3) facility at the University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus. Samples were processed according to22 (link). Briefly tissue pools or lesions were gently ground with sterile sand and 2 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS; Dulbecco A, Oxoid). Samples were mixed with an equal amount of 5% oxalic acid (Fisher Scientific) and incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reduce non-mycobacterial contamination. The decontaminated pools (200 µl) were inoculated onto Stonebrink Selective agar supplemented with PACT (BD Diagnostics) and Middlebrook 7H11 agar slopes supplemented with PANTA (BD Diagnostics), and incubated at 37 °C for a minimum of 12 weeks. Cultures were examined approximately weekly for the appearance of colonies suggestive of mycobacteria.
4
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol
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Orcinol, BSA, Ninhydrin, Alanine, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Vanillin, Catechin, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were purchased through Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (Mumbai, India). Oxalic acid, L-ascorbic acid, formaldehyde and all others were obtained through Fisher commercial source (New Jersey, USA).
5
Fluorescent Polymer Synthesis Protocol
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Oxalic acid (OA), acrylamide (AAm), light mineral oil, acetonitrile (AN), toluene (TL), methanol, and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid were supplied by Fisher Scientific, UK. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), and fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, UK. All the reagents were of analytical grade. A Millipore Milli-Q Plus 185 water purification system was used to supply pure water. All the gases were supplied by BOC, UK with a purity higher than 99.999%.
6
Preparation of Diverse Eutectic Solvents
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The raw materials used for the preparation of the different DES were: betaine (≥99% purity), sucrose (≥99.5% purity), lactic acid (85% purity), (D)-(+) - glucose anhydrous), (DL)-menthol (≥95% purity), lauric acid (≥98% purity) all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. L-proline (≥99.5% purity), choline chloride (≥98% purity) and glycine (98.5% purity, Alfa Aesar) were from Alfa-Aesar. The citric acid (≥99% purity) was from Panreac, (DL)-malic acid (≥99% purity) was from Scharlau and oxalic acid (98% purity) was from ACROS Organic. All systems were prepared by mixing the compounds at a defined molar ratio. The solutions were stirred and heated, until a clear and homogenous solution is achieved. All the chemicals were analytical grade and used as purchased without further treatment or purification.
7
Electrochemical Dechlorination of TCE
8
Characterization of Botanical Phenolic Compounds
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Choline chloride, levulinic acid, 1,2-propanediol, DL-malic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, and formic acid were obtained from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Lactic acid, ethylene glycol, glycine, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol were purchased from Fishers Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). L-proline and betaine hydrochloride were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). HPLC-grade standards of ellagic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
9
Synthesis of Alkylamine Derivatives
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Glyoxal (40 wt% in water), oxalic acid (98%, 144-62-7), and 1-octylamine (99+%, 111-86-4) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). 1-Decylamine (98%, 2016-57-1) was purchased from TCI Europe (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). 1-Hexadecylamine (94%, 143-27-1) and 1-octadecylamine (≥85%, 124-30-1) were obtained from Merck (Heverlee, Belgium). 1-Hexylamine (99%, 111-26-2) and nitric acid (70 wt% in water, 7697-37-2) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). 1-Dodecylamine (98%, 124-22-1) and 1-tetradecylamine (98%, 2016-42-4) were purchased from Janssen-Chemica (Beerse, Belgium). Acetic acid, glacial (100%, 64-19-7), hydrochloric acid (37 wt% in water, 7647-01-0) and formaldehyde (36 wt% in water, 50-00-0) were obtained from Fisher Scientific Limited (Loughborough, UK). Petroleum ether (bp 40–65 °C, technical grade) and acetonitrile (≥99.8%) were obtained from VWR (Heverlee, Belgium). Petroleum ether was distilled prior to use to remove high boiling residues. All other chemicals were used as received without further purification.
10
Silica-Titania Xerogel Synthesis and Characterization
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The following reagents were purchased from Acros Organics: triphenylmethane dyes (TPMD): pyrocatechol violet (PV), eriochrome cyanine R (ECR), chrome azurol S (CAS), hydrochloric acid, titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and oxalic acid. All the reagents were of analytical grade, titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde was of technical grade. Stock solutions of oxalic acid and TPMD were prepared with doubly distilled water. Only freshly prepared solutions were used.
Silica–titania xerogels were obtained by drying in Ethos microwave equipment (Milestone, Sorisole, Italy). Surface area, porosity BET analysis, and BJH pore distribution analysis were carried out with ASAP 2000 (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Absorbance of solutions (l = 1.0 cm) and xerogels water suspensions (l = 0.1 cm) was measured using Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with 50 mm integrating sphere (Labsphere, North Sutton, NH, USA). The pH value was measured using Expert-001 (Econix Expert, Moscow, Russia) potentiometer with pH sensitive electrode. Chromatographic determination was conducted using MAESTRO HPLC system (Interlab, Moscow, Russia). A Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) served as the stationary phase, mobile phase was distilled water (pH 2). UV detection was performed at 220 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1.
Silica–titania xerogels were obtained by drying in Ethos microwave equipment (Milestone, Sorisole, Italy). Surface area, porosity BET analysis, and BJH pore distribution analysis were carried out with ASAP 2000 (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Absorbance of solutions (l = 1.0 cm) and xerogels water suspensions (l = 0.1 cm) was measured using Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with 50 mm integrating sphere (Labsphere, North Sutton, NH, USA). The pH value was measured using Expert-001 (Econix Expert, Moscow, Russia) potentiometer with pH sensitive electrode. Chromatographic determination was conducted using MAESTRO HPLC system (Interlab, Moscow, Russia). A Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) served as the stationary phase, mobile phase was distilled water (pH 2). UV detection was performed at 220 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1.
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