Macro- and micronutrient composition of cattle and hippopotamus faecal samples were analysed at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. Before analysis, dried samples were ground to a particle size of about 1 mm. For C and N, samples were weighed and analysed on an elemental analyser (Hekatech, Thermo Finnigan). For P, samples were weighed, ashed in a muffle furnace at 550°C and then digested before analysis on an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) (PerkinElmer, Ueberlingen, Germany). Crude protein was calculated as 6.25 × N [35 (link)]. Carbohydrates (sucrose, d -glucose, d -fructose and starch) were analysed using commercial enzymatic test kits from R-Biopharm (Darmstadt, Germany). For mineral analysis (Ca, Mg, Fe, K), samples were microwave digested and analysed by a PerkinElmer ICP-OES.
Icp oes
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, Germany
The ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) is a laboratory instrument used for the detection and quantification of trace elements in a wide range of sample types. It utilizes an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and excite the sample, and then measures the intensity of the emitted light at specific wavelengths to determine the concentration of the elements present.
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Lab products found in correlation
Whatman, by Cytiva (5 mentions)
Ag certipur, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ht7700, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Icp ms, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Microwave digestion instrument, by Milestone (2 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Toc analyzer, by Elementar (1 mentions)
Ph meter, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Thermo x7, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Uv vis spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Fv3000, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Talos f200x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Vertex 70, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Lambda 35, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Axis ultra dld 600 w, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Victor nivo, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Avance 3 400 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
X 650 scanning electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Trace gc ultra, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
99 protocols using icp oes
1
Nutrient Composition of Herbivore Feces
2
Rhizosphere Soil Cd and Zn Quantification
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The rhizosphere pH was measured using a pH meter (Thermo Orion 720, USA) after shaking 5 g soil sample with 25 mL 0.01 M CaCl2 solution for 1 h. The concentration of water-soluble Cd in rhizosphere soil was determined. Briefly, soil samples (5 g) were shaken with 50 mL deionized water for 2 h at 22 ºC, and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were then filtered through Whatman No. 1 (125 mm) filter paper. The filtrates were stored at 4 °C until analysis with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (PerkinElmer, USA).
Concentrations of Cd and Zn in plant samples were determined using ICP-OES after digestion with a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1 v/v).
To assess the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots, the translocation factor (TF) (Hogan &Rauser 1981) was calculated as the ratio of metal concentration in shoots to metal concentration in roots.
Concentrations of Cd and Zn in plant samples were determined using ICP-OES after digestion with a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1 v/v).
To assess the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots, the translocation factor (TF) (Hogan &Rauser 1981) was calculated as the ratio of metal concentration in shoots to metal concentration in roots.
3
Quantifying Environmental Nutrients and Metals
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Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) were extracted with 2 mol/L KCl solution for 1 h and then measured colorimetrically by a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan; Long et al., 2017 (link); Xu et al., 2017a (link)). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was extracted by ultra-pure water and quantified using a TOC analyzer (Elementar, Germany). Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) were firstly digested by combined acids (HNO3-HClO4-HF) and then determined by the ICP-OES (PerkinElmer, United States; Xu et al., 2017b (link)). The pH was measured by a pH meter (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) with a solid to ultra-pure water ratio of 1:2.5 (Shi et al., 2021 (link)). The physicochemical attributes were listed in Supplementary Table S2 .
The distance-based (Bray-Curtis distance) redundancy analysis (db-RDA) and Mantel test were carried out to reveal the relationships between DAMO bacterial communities and environmental factors. The db-RDA and Mantel test were conducted using “vegan” package (version 2.6-2) and “linkET” package (version 0.0.3.3) in the R software (version 4.0.2), respectively.
The distance-based (Bray-Curtis distance) redundancy analysis (db-RDA) and Mantel test were carried out to reveal the relationships between DAMO bacterial communities and environmental factors. The db-RDA and Mantel test were conducted using “vegan” package (version 2.6-2) and “linkET” package (version 0.0.3.3) in the R software (version 4.0.2), respectively.
4
Determination of Elemental Content in Plants
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To measure the elemental content, fresh roots and shoots were separated and washed with 0.01M HNO3 and deionized water (three times) to remove contaminants 33 . lyophilized. Dry samples were digested with a mixture of HNO3/H2O2 (v/v ratio, 3:1) on a heating plate (80 o C for 1 h, 120 o C for 3 h, and 160 o C for another 0.5 h). The residues were diluted with deionized water for measurement.
Ce contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo X7, USA). Ce standard solution (0.1~10 mg/L) was used for external calibration. K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer, USA). Multi-element standard solutions (0.5~50 mg/L) containing the selected elements were used for external calibration. Blanks were analysed between every six samples.
Ce contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo X7, USA). Ce standard solution (0.1~10 mg/L) was used for external calibration. K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer, USA). Multi-element standard solutions (0.5~50 mg/L) containing the selected elements were used for external calibration. Blanks were analysed between every six samples.
5
A. thaliana Growth in AMD Water
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We obtained 180 natural accessions of A. thaliana (Nordborg collections, from 1001 genome projects) from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center, Columbus, OH, USA (www.abrc.osu.edu ). The experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale with AMD water samples collected from the waterhead of Cabin Creek near Dakota, WV, where AMD water seeps over the bank into the creek. The collected AMD water samples and AMD diluted with Hoagland’s nutrient solution were filtered through a 0.45-µM filter (MF-Millipore, Millipore Sigma, USA) before acidifying with concentrated HNO3 to pH < 2 and kept at 4 °C before analysis of total dissolved metals by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
6
Physicochemical Analysis of Biochar and Soil
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The physicochemical properties of the biochar and soil were analyzed by standard laboratory methods. Soil and biochar (pH) and EC analyses were performed using a 1:5 (vol vol−1) soil mixture in a 1 M KCl solution [28 (link)] and an extract to distilled water [29 (link)], respectively. Cation exchange capacity was determined with an updated ammonium-acetate method [30 (link)]. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Perkin Elmer ICP-OES, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for measuring the DTPA extractable nutrients P, K, Ca, and Mg [31 ]. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (PA-L), and potassium (KA-L) were measured using a reference method [32 ]. The data for biochar ash content, moisture, volatiles, and residual mass were obtained from TGA.
7
Plant Mineral Quantification by ICP-OES
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Plant samples were harvested from root and shoot tissues, respectively, and briefly washed with ddH2O for 10 s. The samples were then thoroughly dried up in the oven at 80°C. The dry matters were collected in the 15 mL centrifuge tubes (ions free) and digested with 1 mL ultrapure HNO3 (Sigma-Aldrich) in the water bath at 95°C for 4 h. Digested samples were diluted to the appropriate concentrations with ddH2O, and the elemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, United States).
8
MARS Degradation Kinetics in PBS
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Dialysis bags containing MARS (1 mL, 45 mg/mL) were placed into plastic tubes containing 9 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4, 6.5, or 5.5) to investigate the effect of pH on MARS degradation. Then, the tubes were shaken at 37 °C under 100 rpm (ZHICHENG, ZHWY-211D, China). At given intervals, 9 mL of media was removed from the solution outside the bags and replaced with fresh PBS with the same volume and pH. Preliminary to the analysis, the sample must be nitrated with aqua regia. A UV–Vis spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU) and an ICP-OES (PerkinElmer) were used to measure the amounts of R848 and Cu ions in the collected solutions, respectively.
9
Zinc Concentration Measurement in Plants
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10
Trace Metal Analysis of Protein Solution
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A protein solution of DnaE1 was diluted to 10 μM in 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM DTT. A standard solution containing 1 ppm of different divalent cations (Ni2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) was used as a reference. Samples were analyzed on a Perkin Elmer ICP-OES chemical analyzer at the Department of Geography of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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