Spss version 15.0 for windows

Data are shown as percentages for categorical variables and as mean ± SD for continuous variables. Comparisons across groups were made using c2 tests for categorical variables and variance analysis for continuous variables or Kruskal-Wallis tests for highly skewed variables. The inter-technique agreement was tested using Pearson’s linear correlation and Bland–Altman analysis [15 (link)]. The Cohen kappa statistics were used to calculate the strength of the accord in categorizing LV mass by 2D and 3D. The percent of the agreement was calculated as the ratio between agreed-on measures and the total. Intra-observer variability was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV). All tests were two-tailed. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Descriptive statistics were expressed as means with standard deviation or percentage frequency, as appropriate. All variables were tested for normal distribution by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was applied to compare means of continuous variables. Categorical data were tested using the chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was appropriately used to test the factors associated with chronic MS pain. To identify independent associations, stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used, and variables including age, gender, and p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were selected. All analyses were performed by using the commercially available statistics software, SPSS version 15.0 for Windows.

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the difference of electrical conductivity of rhizosphere soil of three plants species (R. soongarica, S. glareosa, and A. polyrhizum), the difference of salt secretion rate of R. soongarica leaves under different soil salinity levels, and the difference of relative biomass of the three species. Duncan’s multiple comparison was used to evaluate the differences among the treatments. Pearson’s correlation analyses were conducted to examine the correlations between R. soongarica canopy size and the spacing between R. soongarica and herbs (S. glareosa or A. polyrhizum) Statistical tests were performed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

SPSS version 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare parametric variables of the groups. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the comparison of nonparametric variables. The results were presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). A p value < 0.05 was accepted as the significance level, while a p value of <0.001 was accepted as a high statistical significance.

SPSS (version 15.0 for Windows) was used for all statistical analyses. Analysis of all mRNA data was conducted on CT levels of the gene of interest, normalized to the geometric mean of three control genes. Data is presented as mean values ± standard error. A probability level of p < 0.05 was the criterion to achieve statistical significance.