Icps 8100

Particles were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, H-7650, Hitachi). Particle size was determined from TEM images using the ‘Analyze particles’ function of ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). The concentrations of rare-earth elements in the NPs were calibrated with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES, ICPS-8100, Shimadzu). Structural analyses of the NPs were conducted by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu Kα1 radiation (Rint2000, Rigaku). Near-infrared luminescent spectra of Y₂O₃ phosphors excited by a 980 nm NIR diode laser (IRM980TR-500, Laser Century) were measured with a spectrometer (NIRQUEST512, Oceanoptics) as shown in Fig. S1. Cathodoluminescent spectra and images of the NPs were measured with a spectrometer (TRIAX-320, Horiba-Jobin Yvon) and a cooled CCD camera (CCD-1024 × 256-4, Horiba-Jobin Yvon) placed in a CL measurement unit (Horiba) attached to an FE-SEM instrument (JSM-6500F, JEOL) as shown in Fig. S2.

The morphologies of the as-synthesised compounds were analysed by a scanning electron microscope (JSM-6510LA) where the elemental mapping of the constituent elements was carried out using the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) imaging function. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution images (HRTEM) were obtained on a TITAN80-300F at an accelerated voltage of 200 kV without exposure to neither air nor moisture. Simulations of the HRTEM images were performed using the JEMS 31(PECD) software. Electron diffraction experiments were conducted on many crystallites, and reproducible results were observed.
Stoichiometry quantifications and chemical compositions of the compounds were precisely determined by inductively coupled plasma absorption electron spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on a Shimadzu ICPS-8100 instrument. The measurements were repeated in several different spots of the samples, and there was no deviation in the calculated values.

Elemental quantification was done as follows^{20 (link)}. Urine was collected by housing each mouse in metabolic cages (CLEA Japan) after 1 week acclimation. For serum samples, whole blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. Serum was then collected by centrifugation. Each element was quantified either by Xylidyl Blue-I (Mg, Wako) or ICP-ES (Mg, Ca, Na, and K; ICPS-8100; Shimadzu).

ICP-AES was measured on a Shimadzu ICPS-8100. The samples were obtained by filtration of the reaction mixture at 20–30 min in conditions similar to the reaction for GC measurements.

Samples of roots and shoots (newest leaves and third newest leaves) from control and Fe-treated plants (from the second experiment; 23 days of excess Fe exposure) were collected for metal concentration analyses. The roots were washed with distilled water or Milli-Q water containing 50 mM sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na-EDTA) for control or Fe excess plants, respectively. Root and leaf samples were dried for 3 days at 60°C, and 50–200 mg samples were digested with 2 mL HNO₃ and 2 mL H₂O₂ at 220°C for 20 min using the MARS XPRESS oven (CEM Japan, Tokyo, Japan), and then messed up and filtered as described by Masuda et al. (2009) (link). The concentrations of Fe, Zn, manganese (Mn), and Cu were measured with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICPS-8100; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Three biological replicates were performed.

The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) on a Rigaku D/Max-2500/PC powder diffractometer. The sample powder was scanned using Cu Kα radiation with an operating voltage of 40 kV and current of 200 mA. A scan rate of 5° min^–1 was applied to record the patterns in the range of 10–80°. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were observed by a Hitachi HT7700. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) images were recorded on a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan) at 200 kV. The loading amount of cobalt oxide in the catalyst was determined using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) on a Shimadzu ICPS-8100. Prior to ICP-AES measurement, the supported cobalt oxide was dissolved in aqua regia. FT-IR spectra were obtained using a Varian 3100 FTIR spectrophotometer in DRIFT mode (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform). The spectra were collected in the wavenumber range from 3900–400 cm^–1 with 2 cm^–1 resolution (average of 32 scans). The valence state of the cobalt oxide cluster was determined using XPS recorded on a Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi. The X-ray source selected was a monochromatized Al Kα source (15 kV, 10.8 mA). Region scans were collected using a 20 eV pass energy. Peak positions were calibrated relative to the C 1s peak position at 284.6 eV.