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18 protocols using ac220

1

In vivo and in vitro drug preparation

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BEN (SelleckChem) was reconstituted and diluted for in vivo administration as previously described (24 (link)–27 (link)). AC220 (SelleckChem) and JSI-124 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were reconstituted in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich). For in vitro studies, stock solutions of drugs were diluted in complete media (CM) consisting of RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS, 1% Sodium Pyruvate, 1% MEM NEAA, and 100 U/mL penicillin-streptomycin to their final concentrations.
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2

Doxorubicin and AC220 Cytotoxicity

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We plated 1,000 cells/well in opaque, 96-well, flat-bottom plates (PerkinElmer), then treated them with or without 2 μg/mL dox (Sigma) and AC220 (Selleckchem) for 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed with CTG (Promega).
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3

Inhibitors of FLT3, PP2A, and Signaling Pathways in AML

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Gilteritinib (4 (link)) (ASP2215; Active Biochem, Maplewood, NJ) and quizartinib (4 (link)) (AC220; Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX), type I and II FLT3 inhibitors, respectively, clinically active in FLT3-ITD AML, were used at pharmacologically relevant concentrations (23 (link),24 (link)). The SET-sequestering PAD FTY720 (25 (link)) (Fingolimod; Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI) was also used at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. DT-061, an orally bioavailable small molecule activator of PP2A (SMAP) developed by reengineering tricyclic neuroleptics and proposed to directly bind the PP2A Aα subunit (26 (link)–29 (link)), was provided by Dr. Goutham Narla. The pan-Pim inhibitor AZD1208 and GSK-3β inhibitors TC-G 24 and TWS119 were from Tocris Bioscience, Minneapolis, MN, the c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 from Sigma-Aldrich, and the pan-AKT inhibitor MK-2206 from Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX.
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4

Quantifying Apoptosis and Proliferation

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CC3 expression levels were assessed by flow cytometry after plating 20,000 cells/well in 96-well, round-bottom plates (Corning) and then treating them with or without 2 μg/mL dox (Sigma) and DMSO (Sigma) or 10 nM AC220 (Selleckchem) for 48 hours. Fixed and permeabilized cells were stained with a CC3 Ab (BD Horizon; catalog 560627) for 1 hour and analyzed on the Attune NxT flow cytometer (Thermo Fisher) at the UCSF HDFCCC LCA Core Facility. Annexin V and EdU were similarly assessed by flow cytometry after treating with dox and AC220 for 48 and 24 hours, respectively, then following the staining protocols as specified by their respective manufacturers: Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit (BD 556547) and Click-iT Plus EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher C10634).
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5

Preparation and Storage of Anticancer Agents

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GO (Mylotarg, Pfizer, New York, NY) was diluted in deionized water, and cytarabine (Pfizer, New York, NY) and daunorubicin (Teva Parenteral Medicines) were diluted with phosphate-buffered saline and stored at 4°C before usage. 8.8 ADC is a nonbinding antibody conjugated to N-Ac-γ-calicheamicin DMH (Pfizer, New York, NY). AC220 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX) and prepared as previously described [9] (link).
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6

Cell Line Culture Protocols

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The Ba/F3, Hek-293T, and WEHI-3B cell lines were obtained from DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany), the U2OS cell line from ATCC (Wesel, Germany) and cultured according to the supplier’s recommendation. The retroviral packaging cell line Phoenix eco was purchased from Orbigen (San Diego, CA, USA). Recombinant human FLT3 ligand (FL) was obtained from PromoKine (Heidelberg, Germany), recombinant murine IL-3 from ImmunoTools (Friesoythe, Germany) and AC220 was obtained form Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA).
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7

Compound Screening in Cancer Research

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Drugs and suppliers used in the study were as follows: 17-AAG, rapamycin, sorafenib and torin1 from LC labs (www.lclabs.com); AC220, JQ1, selinexor, tosedostat, TW-37 and vosaroxin from Selleck (supplied by Stratech UK); ABT-199 from Adooq, www.adooq.com; ABT-737 from Sequoia, Pangbourne, UK; A-1210477 from Chemie Tek, www.chemietek.com; etoposide from Tocris, Bristol, UK; Mylotarg from Wyeth, Pearl River USA; Pladienolide B from Santa Cruz, supplied by Insight, Wembley, UK; TG02 was from Tragara, San Diego, USA. Other drugs and reagents were from Sigma (Poole, Dorset, UK) unless specified.
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8

FLT3 Inhibitor Combination Therapy Protocol

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E6201 was provided by Eisai Inc. (Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey), sorafenib and AC220 (quizartinib) were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). The chemical structures of these agents are shown at Supplementary Figure S1. Recombinant human FLT3/FLK2 ligand (FL) was purchased from R&D (Minneapolis, MN). Interleukin-3 (IL-3) was purchased from PEPROTECH (Rocky Hill, NJ). The antibodies against human phosphorylated (p)-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2)(Thr202/Tyr204), phospho-AKT(Ser473), phospho-FLT3(Tyr589/591), phospho-S6K(Ser240/244), phospho-MEK1/2, AKT, S6K, Bcl-xL, and cleaved-caspase-3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), against Bcl-2 from Dako (Carpinteria, CA), against phospho-STAT5 A/B from Upstate (Lake Placid, NY), against ERK2, FLT3, p53 and Mcl-1 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), against Bim and Puma from CalBiochem (San Diego, CA), and against Ki67 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). The anti-luciferase antibody was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI).
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9

Intravitreal Injection of AC220 for Neovascularization

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AC220, a second-generation Flt3 inhibitor, was purchased from Selleck (Selleckchem, Houston, TX) [23 (link), 24 (link)]. Mice received intravitreal injections (1 μl) of AC220 and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) following laser photocoagulation (day 0, D0). This was repeated at 7 days. One microliter AC220 was administered into the vitreous cavity of murine eyes using glass micropipette needles at D0 and D7. Eye analysis was performed at 14 days in order to quantify the area of CNV.
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10

Comprehensive Drug Screening Protocol

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Drugs and suppliers used in the study were as follows: 17-AAG, rapamycin, sorafenib, U0126 and torin 1 from LC labs (www.lclabs.com); AC220 and vosaroxin from Selleck (supplied by Stratech UK); etoposide from Tocris; gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) was a gift from Wyeth, Pearl River USA. C2 ceramide and Calyculin A were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Ly294006 was from Millipore, Watford, UK. Other drugs and reagents were from Sigma (Poole, Dorset, UK) unless specified.
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