Glyceraldehyde

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Glyceraldehyde is a simple aldose sugar commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a key intermediate in various biochemical processes and is essential for the study of carbohydrate metabolism. This compound provides a stable and well-defined source of a simple reducing sugar for research and analytical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Glucose, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Cellobiose, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Pyruvic aldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Zirconium oxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glycerol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lactic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glyceric acid, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions) Pd 10 desalting column, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pyruvaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fructose, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Cyclohexene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hexachloroplatinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cerium oxide nanopowder, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cyclohexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glycolic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glycolaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

12 protocols using glyceraldehyde

Glycerol and Carbohydrate Derivatives Synthesis

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Glycerol (99%), 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer
(97%), glyceraldehyde (90%), glycolic acid (99%), lactic acid (98%),
pyruvic aldehyde (40 wt % in H₂O), cyclohexene (99%), cyclohexane
(99.5%), sodium hydroxide (98%), benzene (99.9%), hexachloroplatinic
acid (H₂PtCl₆·xH₂O, 99.9%), zirconium oxide (nanopowder, <100 nm), cerium oxide
(nanopowder), and titanium oxide (P25) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Glyceric acid (20 wt % in H₂O) was purchased from TCI Chemicals.
The H₂O used in this work was always of Milli-Q grade.
All chemicals were used without further purification.

Tang Z., Liu P., Cao H., Bals S., Heeres H.J, & Pescarmona P.P. (2019). Pt/ZrO2 Prepared by Atomic Trapping: An Efficient Catalyst for the Conversion of Glycerol to Lactic Acid with Concomitant Transfer Hydrogenation of Cyclohexene. ACS Catalysis, 9(11), 9953-9963.

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Glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin

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BSA was incubated under sterile conditions with 0.2 M glyceraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) and glycol aldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich), respectively, in 0.2 M phosphate buffer for 7 days (pH 7.4 at 37°C). AGE-2 and AGE-3 correspond to Glycer-AGEs and Glycol-AGEs, respectively. Each of the AGEs-BSA was dialyzed at 4°C to remove free aldehyde. The degree of glycation on BSA (AGE-BSA fluorescence) was measured by spectrofluorometric detection at excitation of 370 nm and emission of 440 nm.

Gao Y., Wake H., Morioka Y., Liu K., Teshigawara K., Shibuya M., Zhou J., Mori S., Takahashi H, & Nishibori M. (2017). Phagocytosis of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Macrophages Induces Cell Apoptosis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 8419035.

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Preparation of Advanced Glycation End-Products

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AGEs–BSA was prepared according to the method described in our and others' previous investigations 9, 13. Briefly, glyceraldehyde (0.1 mmol·L⁻¹; Sigma‐Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) was incubated with BSA (HyClone, Los Angeles, CA, USA) in sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 mmol·L⁻¹, pH 7.4) under sterile conditions at 37 °C for 7 days. The unincorporated sugars were eliminated by chromatography with PD‐10 desalting columns (GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden) and dialysis against PBS. The non‐glycated BSA was also prepared without glyceraldehyde and used as control.

Liu Z., Zheng S., Wang X., Qiu C, & Guo Y. (2018). Novel ASK1 inhibitor AGI‐1067 improves AGE‐induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting MKKs/p38 MAPK and NF‐κB apoptotic signaling. FEBS Open Bio, 8(9), 1445-1456.

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Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Catalysis

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Glycerol (99%), 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer
(97%), glyceraldehyde (90%), methyl glycolate (98%), methyl lactate
(98%), pyruvic aldehyde (40 wt % in H₂O), tartronic acid
(97%), gold(III) chloride hydrate (99.999%), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA,
MW 9000–10000, 80% hydrolyzed), sodium borohydride (99%), cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide (CTAB, 99%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), tin chloride
pentahydrate (SnCl₄·5H₂O, 98%), urea (99.5%),
copper oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide (P25), and
niobium oxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrotalcite (HT,
Mg/Al = 2) was kindly provided by Kisuma Chemicals BV. USY zeolite
(CBV600, Si/Al = 2.6) was purchased from Zeolyst. Glyceric acid (20
wt % in H₂O) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. The H₂O used in this work was always of Milli-Q grade. All chemicals
were used without further purification.

Tang Z., Fiorilli S.L., Heeres H.J, & Pescarmona P.P. (2018). Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Conversion of Glycerol into Methyl Lactate. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(8), 10923-10933.

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Biomolecular Interactions with Lectins

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Poly(ethylene
glycol), HEPES, sodium acetate,
glacial acetic acid, sodium hydroxide pellets, calcium chloride, glyceraldehyde,
Nisin A, zinc acetate, and nickel acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(UK). Lectins concanavalin A (Con-A), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA₁₂₀) were purchased from Vector Laboratories (USA). Nisin was dialyzed
against PBS buffer for 24 h (5 buffer changes) to ensure that all
salts were removed before use. HEPES buffer solution (10 mM) was prepared
using solid powder and adjusted to pH 7.4 using sodium hydroxide pellets.
Sodium acetate buffer (0.2M) was prepared by mixing sodium acetate
and glacial acetic acid in deionized water and adjusted to pH 5 with
sodium hydroxide pellets.

Mitchell D.E, & Gibson M.I. (2015). Latent Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity in Nonantifreeze Proteins: Ca2+-Activated Plant Lectins and Cation-Activated Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomacromolecules, 16(10), 3411-3416.

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Glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin

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The preparation procedure was carried out in accord with previous studies.24 Briefly, under sterile conditions, BSA (Hyclone Laboratories Inc, South Logan, UT) was incubated with glyceraldehyde (0.1 mmol/L; Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in NaPO₄ buffer (0.2 mmol/L; pH=7.4) at 37°C for 7 days. Then, by using chromatography with PD‐10 desalting columns (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK) and dialysis against PBS, the unicorporated sugars were removed. Meanwhile, control nonglycated BSA was prepared by the same procedure without glyceraldehyde.

Liu Z., Lv Y., Zhang Y., Liu F., Zhu L., Pan S., Qiu C., Guo Y., Yang T, & Wang J. (2017). Matrine‐Type Alkaloids Inhibit Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated Apoptosis of Aortic Endothelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro by Targeting MKK3 and p38MAPK Signaling. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 6(12), e007441.

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Pretreatment of Microcrystalline Cellulose by Ball-Milling

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Microcrystalline
cellulose
(MCC, Aldrich) with a density of 0.6 g cm^–3 was
used in this work to be pretreated by ball-milling (BM). The chemicals
(i.e., phenol, sulfuric acid, disodium 2,2′-bicinchoninate,
Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, CuSO₄·5H₂O, and l-serine) used to prepare the phenol acid
solution and 2,2′-bicinchoninate (BCA) solution were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Standard solutions (including cellobiose, glucose, d-galactose, glyceraldehyde, and formic acid) and mobile phase
(5 mM sulfuric acid solution) for high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) analysis were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water
was obtained from a Direct-Q 3UV ultrapure water system (Millipore).

Lan L., Chen H., Lee D., Xu S., Skillen N., Tedstone A., Robertson P., Garforth A., Daly H., Hardacre C, & Fan X. (2022). Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H2 Production. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10(15), 4862-4871.

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Terpenoid Compounds

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XN was a friendly gift from Dr. Klaus Kammhuber, Lfl Hop Research Center Huell (Huell, Germany). IX and 8-PN were purchased from Biomol (Hamburg, Germany). NADPH was obtained from Carl Roth GmbH+Co. (Karlsruhe, Germany). Glucose, glyceraldehyde and farnesal were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Seliger J.M., Misuri L., Maser E, & Hintzpeter J. (2018). The hop-derived compounds xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin are tight-binding inhibitors of human aldo-keto reductases 1B1 and 1B10. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 33(1), 607-614.

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Quantification of Sugar Phosphates Using HPLC

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Reactants (formaldehyde, 16%, lithium potassium acetyl-phosphate, 85%, potassium phosphate dibasic, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Catalysts (CaCO3, 99% and Ca(OH)2, 95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sugar/sugar phosphates standards (glyceraldehyde, ≥98%; dihydroxyacetone, ≥98%, USP reference standard; D-ribose, 99%; D-arabinose, ≥98%, D-lyxose, 99%; D-xylose, ≥99%; D-fructose, ≥99%, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, 97%; D-erythrose 4-phosphate, ≥98%; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ≥97%; D-glucose 6-phosphate, ≥98%, and D-ribulose, ≥97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Derivatisation reagents 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), 95%, sodium cyanoborohydride, 95% and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Acros Organics and Fischer Scientific, respectively. HPLC grade solvents and additives: ammonium acetate 99%, water, dichloromethane (DCM), hexane, acetonitrile and methanol were all purchased from Fischer Scientific.

Camprubi E., Harrison S.A., Jordan S.F., Bonnel J., Pinna S, & Lane N. (2022). Do Soluble Phosphates Direct the Formose Reaction towards Pentose Sugars?. Astrobiology, 22(8).

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Biomass Conversion to Biofuels

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The cellulose (99%) used in the experiments was purchased from VWR. Glucose (99%)
and fructose (99%) used as starting biomass in the experiments were purchased from Sigma.
Wheat bran was supplied by a local supplier. Distilled water was used as reaction medium in the experiments. The standards used in HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis were: cellobiose (+98%), Glucose (+99%), fructose (+99%), glyceraldehyde (95%), pyruvaldehyde (40%), glycolaldehyde dimer (99%), levulinic acid (+99%), 5-HMF (99%) purchased from Sigma.

Cantero D.A., Bermejo M.D, & Cocero M.J. (2015). Governing chemistry of cellulose hydrolysis in supercritical water. ChemSusChem, 8(6).

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