N n dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dcc

N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Additionally, 30% hydrogen peroxide, potassium tetrachlorido platinate(II), N-hydroxysuccinimide, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany. A Nicolet 6700 Thermo Scientific FTIR spectrometer was used for recording the IR spectra in KBr, whereas a Bruker Avance III HD spectrometer (500.13 MHz for ¹H and 125 MHz for ¹³C NMR) was used to obtain the NMR spectra. DMSO-d₆ was used as the solvent, and its residual peaks were used for calibration of the chemical shifts that are provided in parts per million (δ). Data for the elemental analyses were obtained from a Vario EU III instrument. All solvents were of analytical or synthetic grade. For all in vitro experiments, cis-diamidodichlorido platinum(II) (CDDP), cisplatin, was provided by Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany. A FractionPREP Cell Fractionation Kit from Bio Vision, Milpitas, CA USA, was used to perform the cell fractionation prior to the ICP-MS analyses. Buffer solutions were freshly prepared in deionized water.

HNO₃, NaCl and NaOH were obtained from VWR International GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimid (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimid (NHS), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and cysteamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHBA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), H₂SO₄, ethylenediamine, methanol and chloroform were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). N-(tri(hydroxymethyl)methyl)glycin (tricine) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Dreieich, Germany) and Interchim (Montluçon, France), respectively. The buffer ingredients KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄·3 H₂O, Na₂HPO₄·2 H₂O, NaHCO₃ and C₂H₃NaO₂·3 H₂O were purchased from Gruessing (Filsum, Germany). All buffers were prepared in distilled water and sterilized before use.

Labrafac lipophile WL-1349
and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
(DOPE) were kindly gifted from Gattefosse Germany and Lipoid Germany,
respectively. Kolliphore HS15, polyethylenimine (PEI) (average M_w ∼ 0.8 and 25 kDa), Oleic acid, Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Nile red, penicillin/streptomycin
solution, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), trypsin-EDTA (1×), poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA), tricine, trehalose, sucrose, stachyose, and glycerol were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). polyethylenimine (PEI) (average M_w ∼ 1.8 kDa) was purchased from Alfa
Aesar, USA. N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased
from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Suwanee, GA, USA). Ethidium bromide
(EtBr), Hoechst 33342, and H₂DCFDA were purchased from
Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Suwanee, GA, USA), USA. Agarose
molecular biology grade was purchased from IBI Scientific. Firefly
Luciferase (FLuc) mRNA was purchased from TriLink Biotechnologies
(San Diego, California, USA). Other chemicals and solvents used in
the work were analytical grade and were used as procured.

4-vinylbenzyl chloride was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and dried by distillation prior to use. Diehtyl chlorophosphate was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and used without further purification. 4,4′-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid (ACPA) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and dried by vacuum oven at room temperature before to use. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) were purchased from Alfa Aesar Co. (Waltham, MA, USA) Dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Daejung Chemical & Metal Co. (Siheung, Korea) and purified by distillation over CaH₂. 4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid was synthesized by the reaction procedure according to the similar method reported elsewhere [24 (link)]. All other chemicals were used without further purification.

Boc-PLL polypeptide was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of the ε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine-N-carboxy anhydride (NCA), with the following molecular weight characteristics: Mw= 11,980 Daltons, Mn = 11,365 Daltons (degree of polymerization 50) and molecular polydispersity, Mw/Mn, = 1.054. Details are reported elsewhere [32 (link)]. PAA (Mw = 450,000 Daltons) was purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, USA). N, N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, Alfa Aesar, MA, USA), 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt, Fluka, NC, USA) were used as received. Dimethylformamide (DMF, Aldrich, MA, USA), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Panreac, Chicago, IL, USA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Panreac, Chicago, IL, USA), diethyl ether (DEE), tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Athens, Greece) and used without further purification. Deuterated solvents deuterium oxide (D₂O and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d₆)) (from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as received. Ultra-pure 3-distilled water (3D-H₂O) was obtained by means of an ELGA Medica R7/15 device.