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7 protocols using low melt agarose

1

Thymocyte Motility Imaging by Two-Photon Microscopy

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CD4SP thymocytes were enriched by magnetic depletion using antibodies against CD8, Gr-1, Ter119, B220, CD25, and CD11b (BioXCell). 1×106Ebi2+/+ and Ebi2-/- CD4SP cells were stained with Indo-1AM (Sigma) and CMTPX red (Life Technologies), respectively, for 30min at 37°C,according to manufacturers’ instructions and mixed at a 1:1 ratio in complete RPMI. 3-4 week old pCX-EGFP thymi were embedded in low-melt agarose (Lonza) and vibratome sectioned, with a VT1000S Vibratome (Leica), as previously described [12 (link)]. After incubating thymocytes on slices for 1-2 h at 37°C 5% CO2, two-photon images were acquired every 15 s, through a depth of 40 μm at 5-μm intervals using an Ultima IV microscope equipped with a 20x NA 1.0 water-immersion objective, and PraireView software (Prairie). MaiTai lasers (SpectraPhysics) tuned to 740 nm and 900 nm were used to excite Indo-1 and EGFP/CMTPX, and emitted light was passed through 400/50, 480/40, 535/50, and 607/45 filters (Chroma Technology) for detection of the two Indo1 emission peaks, EGFP, and CMTPX, respectively. were carried out with Imaris v.8 (Bitplane).
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2

Confocal Imaging of Zebrafish Finfold and Muscle

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Animals were anesthetized in 0.02 % tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; E10521; Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and mounted in 1% Low-Melt Agarose (50080; Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) and imaged on a glass-bottomed FluoroDish (FD3510–100; World Precision Instruments (WPI), Sarasota, Florida) using a LSM 780 confocal microscope (Zeiss). Finfold and muscle were imaged using a 40x/1.1 N.A. water correction lens. Imaging frame was set at 1024 × 1024, and the distance between confocal planes was set up at 3 µm for Z-stack cover, on average, a thickness of 60 µm. Samples were excited with 488 nm laser and fluorescence was collected in the two channels simultaneously using detector width of 493–530 nm for GreenT-EC and 550–740 nm for mCyRFP1.
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3

Plaque assay for EV-A71 in RD cells

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RD cell monolayer was cultured at a density around 5 × 105 cells/well in 6-well plates (SPL life science). EV-A71 stock was 10-fold serially diluted with DMEM, and RD cells were infected with virus at various dilutions. After 1 h incubation, virus was removed from RD cells, and the cell monolayer was covered with 4 mL DMEM containing 0.3% low-melt agarose (Lonza) and 0.2% FBS at 37 °C for 72 h. After 72 h, RD cells were fixed with 3.7% formalin (Merck) at room temperature for 1 h, and the number of plaques was scored after crystal violet staining.
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4

Isolating Lung Cell Populations

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Mice were euthanized and lungs were inflated with 2 mL dispase (Corning) and 0.5 mL 1% low melt agarose (Lonza) and allowed to sit covered with an ice pack for two minutes. Lungs were then removed from mouse and transferred to 1 mL dispase and incubated at room temperature for 45 minutes. Next, lungs were incubated in DMEM with DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) at 95 U/mL and shaken for 10 minutes at room temperature. Lungs were homogenized in GentleMACS dissociator and red blood cells were lysed with ACK buffer. Cells were filtered to obtain a single cell suspension prior to staining. Cells were stained with Ghost Dye Red 780 (Tonbo), followed by the following antibodies against surface markers: CD45 (30-F11), podoplanin (clone 8.1.1), CD24 (M1/69), EpCAM (CD324, clone G8.8), MHCII (I-A/I-E, clone M5/114.15.2) (Biolegend), and CD31 (clone 390, BD Bioscience). Cell counts were obtained using AccuCheck counting beads (Thermofisher Scientific). Data were acquired on a BD LSRFortessa (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA).
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5

Tracking Immune Cell Dynamics in Zebrafish

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The Tg (coro1a: EGFP; lyz: Dsred) line of fish was used in these experiments. When embryos reached 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), ~200 µM phenylthiourea (PTU; Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the culture water to inhibit the formation of pigmentation. At 2 dpf the fish larvae were injected with 1 nL of digested (200 μg/mL) or undigested CXCL8 (200 μg/mL), or with PBS into the hindbrain. Synthesized CXCL8 was digested with recombinant MMP9 as described above, whereas the undigested group was prepared by mixing CXCL8 with recombinant MMP9 just prior to injection. After 1.5 h, the larvae were fixed with 4% PFA for 2 h at room temperature. They were then washed with PBS, after which they were immunolabeled with anti-GFP and anti-RFP antibodies. The larvae were mounted in a glass capillary tube with 1% Low Melt agarose (50080; Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) and images of the head of the larvae were acquired using a Zeiss Lightsheet Z.1 3D microscope with a 5× water lens and the z-stack function. At the end of image acquisition, the left and right images collected were merged and deconvolution of each merged layer was performed, after which the images were exported using the maximum projection method and the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in the hindbrain were quantified.
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6

Lung Single Cell Isolation

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Mice were euthanized and lungs were inflated via intratrachial injection with 2 mL dispase (Corning) and 0.5 mL 1% low melt agarose (Lonza) and were incubated under an ice pack for 2 minutes. Lungs were removed, transferred to 1 mL dispase and incubated at room temperature for 45 minutes. Lungs were minced into small pieces, and transferred to DMEM with DNaseI (Sigma-Aldrich) 95 U/L and rocked for 10 minutes at room temperature. Lungs were homogenized in a GentleMACS dissociator, filtered through 70 μm filter mesh to generate a single cell suspension, RBCs were lysed and cells were stained for flow cytometry as described above.
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7

In Vivo Liver Calcium Imaging

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Animals were anesthetized in 0.02% of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) (Sigma, E10521) (Fig. S1) or immobilized in 4 mM of (+)-Tubocurarine chloride pentahydrate (abbreviated as tubocurarine) (Sigma, 93750) and mounted in 1 % Low-Melt Agarose (Lonza, 50080) and imaged on a glass bottom FluoroDish™ (WPI FD3510-100) using a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope. The liver was imaged using a 40x/1.1N.A. water correction lens. Imaging frame was set at 1024 x 1024 pixels and the distance between confocal planes was set at 6 μm for Z-stack to cover on average a thickness of 90 μm. A time-lapse of 20 stacks was conducted with an interval of 45 seconds between each stack. The samples were excited with 488 nm for GCaMP6s, and fluorescence was collected in the range of 499 -579 nm.
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