Clobetasol

Clobetasol (Sigma-Aldrich) 0.05% in propylene glycol/ethanol (7:3 v/v)
vehicle was applied to the animal's back skin every other day from the
age of day 1 to day 9. Another group of littermates received vehicle alone at
the same frequency.

Purified human monoclonal recombinant AQP4-IgG rAb-53 (AQP4-IgG) was provided by Dr. Jeffrey Bennett (Univ. Colorado Denver) as described [45 (link)]. Control human IgG (control-IgG) was purchased from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, IL, USA). Human complement (HC) was purchased from Innovative Research (Novil, MI, USA). Test drugs included clobetasol, miconazole, benztropine, clemastine, fumarate, retinoic acid and citicolone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), enprofylline, olesoxime and quetiapine fumarate (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), GC-1 and quercetin (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK), fasudil (Tszchem, Lexington, MA, USA), and Y-27632 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA); Triiodothyronine (T3, Calbiochem, Billerica, MA, USA) was used as positive control. Drugs were dissolved in 2.5 % DMSO + 2 % solutole in PBS. Unless otherwise specified all other chemicals and media were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.