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Anti α β tubulin

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
Sourced in United States

Anti-α/β-tubulin is a primary antibody product that targets the α and β subunits of tubulin, a key structural component of microtubules in eukaryotic cells. The antibody can be used to detect and quantify the expression levels of these tubulin isoforms using various immunoassay techniques.

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21 protocols using anti α β tubulin

1

Quantitative Immunoblot Analysis of HO-1

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A 0.5 cm length of cord, centered over the site of impact and representing the epicenter, was lysed on ice for 30 min with 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 25 mM NaF, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM Na3VO4 and protease inhibitors (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Cell lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 10,400 × g for 15 min at 4°C and the supernatants were collected and assayed for protein concentration using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, IL, USA). Immunoblot analysis was performed as described previously (11 (link)). The following antibodies were used: Rabbit polyclonal anti-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; 1:200; cat no. sc-10789; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) and rabbit polyclonal anti-α/β-Tubulin (1:1,000; cat no. 2148; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA). Tubulin served as a loading control. Subsequently, the membrane was incubated with goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, USA). at a concentration of 1:200. The immunoblot analysis was repeated three times and the band density of immunoblots obtained using Image J software were subjected to statistical analysis.
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2

Quantitative Protein Analysis of Trauma-Induced Damage

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A 0.5-cm length of cord, centered over the site of impact and representing the epicenter, was lysed on ice for 30 min with 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 25 mM NaF, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM Na3VO4, and protease inhibitors (Roche). Cell lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 12,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C, and the supernatants were collected and assayed for the protein concentration using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Total cell lysates were prepared, and western blot analysis was performed as described previously (30 (link)). The antibodies used were: anti-hemeoxygenase-1 (anti-HO-1, sc-10789; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-MMP-9 (ab7299; Abcam), anti-α/β-tubulin (no. 2148; Cell Signaling Technology). Tubulin served as a loading control.
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3

Antibody Production and Cell Assays

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A mouse monoclonal antibody against M protein and mouse polyclonal antibodies against NP protein and F protein were prepared in our laboratory. Anti-Flag, anti-β-actin, anti-α/β-tubulin, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (H+L) and Alexa Fluor 555- conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The secondary antibodies against mouse or rabbit used for western blotting were purchased from Bioss Biotechnology (Beijing, China). 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). CCK-8 cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit were purchased from Solarbio Life Sciences (Beijing, China). CytoD and nocodazole were purchased from Absin Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Phalloidin-TRITC Conjugate was purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
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4

Western Blot Antibody Validation Protocol

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WBs were performed as we previously described17 (link),53 (link) using anti-p21 Waf1/Cip1 (12D1) (#2947, diluted 1:1000), anti-Myosin Light Chain 2 (MLC2) (#3672, diluted 1:500), anti-Phospho (Ser19) Myosin light chain 2 (MLC2S19*) (#3671, diluted 1:500), anti-αTubulin (#3873, diluted 1:1000) and anti-α/βTubulin (#2148, diluted 1:1000) antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology, anti-IL8 (#ab106350, diluted 1:500), anti-IRF5 (#ab21689, diluted 1:1000), anti-IL1β (#ab2105, diluted 1:1000) and anti-iNOS (#ab3523, diluted 1:500) antibodies from Abcam; an anti-IL6 antibody (RD, #AB-206-NA, diluted 1:500); an anti-SIRPα antibody (Invitrogen, #PA1-30537, diluted 1:2000); an anti-p53 (DO-1) antibody (Santa Cruz, #sc-126, diluted 1:1000) and an anti-GAPDH antibody (EMD Millipore, #MAB374, diluted 1:1000). Blot scan images were analyzed using GeneSys software version v1.3.9.0 (Genesys). The uncropped and unprocessed scans of all the blots are provided in the Source Data file.
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5

Protein Detection via Western Analysis and IF

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The primary antibodies for the following proteins were used for Western analysis and immunofluorescence (IF): anti-Nup62 (BD Biosciences #610497, used at 1:2000 for Western), anti-Nup98 (Abcam #45584, used at 1:1000 for Western), anti-Nup153 (Abcam #96462, used at 1:1000 for Western), anti-eIF4G (BD Biosciences #610536, used at 1:1000 for Western), anti-PABP (Cell Signaling Technology #4992, used at 1:1000 for Western), anti-nucleolin (Abcam #22758, used at 1:3000 for Western), anti-hnRNP-C1/C2 (Santa Cruz #32308, used at 1:500 for IF), anti-SC35 (Sigma #4045, used at 1:500 for IF), anti-Sam68 (Santa Cruz #sc333, used at 1:500 for IF), and anti-α/β-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology #2148, used at 1:1000 for Western). Antibodies to 3Cpro were kindly provided by S. Amineva (Madison, WI, USA; Amineva et al., 2004 (link)) and antibodies to dsRNA were kindly provided by S. Bowden (VIDRL, Melbourne, VIC, Australia).
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6

Immunoblotting and Immunofluorescence Assay

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Polyclonal rabbit anti-PY705-STAT3 (#9145), anti-STAT3 (#4904) and anti-α/β-tubulin (#2148) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. For western blotting, the antibodies were probed using secondary donkey anti-rabbit antibodies, conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (Jackson Immunoresearch, #711-035-152). For immunofluorescence, the antibodies were probed using secondary donkey anti-rabbit antibodies conjugated to Rhodamine Red X (Jackson Immunoresearch, #711-295-152). Cell nuclei were fluorescently labelled using DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich, #D9564) or Syto 60 (Life Technologies, #S11342). Purified human IL-10 (#130-093-947), IL-6 (#130-095-365) and pure grade neutralizing anti-IL-6 (#130-096-093) and anti-IL-10 (#130-096-041) antibodies were purchased from Miltenyi Biotech. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA (#0771, Tocris) was suspended in desionized water at the concentration of 50 mM.
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7

Regulation of CEMIP Expression by HIF

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Oligo primers were synthesized by Operon. The anti-KIAA1199 (CEMIP) antibody was purchased from Abcam. The anti-HIF-1α antibody was purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories and the anti-HIF-2α antibody was purchased from Novus Biologicals. The anti-α/β-tubulin, -E-cadherin, and -Jarid1A antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. HIF-1α P402A/P564A (plasmid 18955), HIF-2α P405A/P531A (plasmid 18956), and Jarid1A plasmids (plasmid 14800) were purchased from Addgene. Dual Glo-Luciferase assay was purchased from Promega. aiRNA against CEMIP was purchased from Boston Biomedical, Inc. [27 ].
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8

Adiponectin and PPAR-γ Expression Analysis

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Exponentially growing cells were lysed in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 1% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% SDS) containing 1 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzensulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride. The cell lysate was cleared by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, and then supernatant was used as the total cellular protein. Total protein concentration was determined by the BCA protein assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Protein samples (8 or 16 µg) were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel and were electrophoretically transferred to a polyvinyl difluoride membrane in a transfer buffer (100 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine). After overnight incubation with blocking solution (10% skim milk), the membrane was incubated with the primary antibodies, a biotinylated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG antibodies, and streptavidine-alkaline phosphatase. The bands were visualized after addition of nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate as a substrate. The primary antibodies used in this study are anti-adiponectin (clone 19F1, Abcam Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), anti-FABP4 (Abcam Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), anti-PPARγ (clone 81B8, Cell Signaling technology Japan, Tokyo, Japan), and anti-α/β-tubulin (Cell Signaling technology Japan).
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9

Characterization of Cell Lineages

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Cells were stained with primary anti-BRA (R&D), anti-GATA6 (SC) and anti-Sox17 (R&D), and secondary anti-goat- or anti-rabbit-Alexa488 (Molecular Probes) antibodies. Images were acquired on an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope and processed in LSM Viewer or ImageJ. Cell counting was performed using Matlab.
Western blot was performed as described [12 (link)] with anti-phospho-SMAD2/3 (Cell Signaling), anti-SMAD2/3 (Transduction Laboratories), anti-α/β-tubulin (Cell Signaling) and secondary HRP antibodies.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (Pierce) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Proteins was separated by a 12% or 4%–12% polyacrylamide gel (Bio-Rad) and transferred to a methanol-activated PVDF membrane (GE Healthcare). The membrane was blocked for 1 h in PBST containing 6% milk and subsequently probed with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. After 1-h incubation with sheep anti-mouse or donkey anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (GE Healthcare), the protein level was detected with standard ECL reagents (Thermo Scientific). Antibodies used were anti-α/β-tubulin (#2148, Cell Signaling), anti-Actb (β-actin) (sc-69879, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Cdx2 (MU392A-UC, Biogenex), anti-Lin28a (#3978, Cell Signaling), anti-LIN28B (#4196, Cell Signaling), anti-LIN28B (mouse preferred) (#5422, Cell Signaling), anti-Flag (M2 clone, Sigma), anti-Cyclin D1 (ab10540, Abcam), and anti-Sox 9 (AB5535, Millipore).
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