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15 protocols using biotinylated horse anti mouse

1

Multimodal BrdU and Cell Cycle Labeling Protocol

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For BrdU detection, sections were incubated in 2N HCl for 25 min at 37°C prior to neutralization with 0.01 M sodium borate (pH 8.5) for 10 min. Sections were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with mouse anti-BrdU (1:400; Calbiochem) at 4°C overnight. Then sections were incubated with biotinylated horse anti-mouse (1:500; Vector) for 3 h and finally with Cy3-conjugated streptavidin (1:1000; Sigma) for 1 h at room temperature (RT).
For double staining of BrdU and EdU, sections were processed for detection of BrdU first as described above, followed by EdU staining as follows: incubation of sections for 3 h at RT in PBS containing 1 mM CuSO4, 50 mM ascorbic acid and 10 μM fluorescent azide 488 (Salic and Mitchison, 2008 (link)).
For double staining of BrdU and Ki67, HCl/sodium borate-pretreated sections were incubated with a mixture of rat anti-BrdU (1:1000; Accurate) and rabbit anti-Ki67 (1:400; Leica), then with biotinylated horse anti-rat IgG (1:500; Vector) for 3 h, and finally with a mixture of Cy3-conjugated streptavidin (1:1000; Sigma) and 488-donkey anti-rabbit (1:500; Invitrogen) for 1 h at RT.
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2

Antibody Panel for Cell Characterization

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The following primary antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-CD26 (mAb M-A261, Invitrogen) and rabbit polyclonal (pAb) anti-CD26 antibody (Abcam, Ab28340). Other antibodies used in the present study were rabbit pAb anti-apolipoprotein-E (ApoE; Abcam, Ab85311), anti-CD3 (PA5-32318) Thermo Fisher Scientific, anti-cluster of differentiation 42b (CD42b; Abcam, Ab104704), anti-rabbit polyclonal glycophorin (Abcam, 196568), anti-divalent metal protein 1 (DMT1; Abcam, Ab123085), anti-ferroportin (FPN; Abcam Ab85370), anti-GFAP (Abcam Ab48050), anti-CD68 (Sigma–Aldrich, AMAB98073), and anti-CD11b (Thermo Fisher, mAbM1/70). The following secondary antibodies were used: biotinylated goat anti-rabbit-Ig and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (both from Vector Laboratories, 1:250 for IHC); Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-mouse-Ig, Alexa Fluor 488-labelled donkey anti-rabbit-Ig, and Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-goat-Ig (all from Invitrogen, 1:1000 for immunofluoresence).
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3

BrdU Immunohistochemistry: Tissue Staining Protocol

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For BrdU peroxidase staining, a 1:12 series of sections were mounted onto glass Super Frost Plus slides (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), dried, and pretreated by heating in 0.1 M citric acid, pH 6.0. Tissue was rinsed with PBS, incubated in trypsin for 10 min, denatured in 2 M HCL : PBS for 30 min, rinsed with PBS, incubated overnight in purified mouse anti-BrdU (1:200; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA; cat. no. 347580), incubated in biotinylated horse anti-mouse (1:200; Vector, Burlingame, CA, USA; cat. no. BA-2000) for 60 min, rinsed in PBS, incubated with avidin–biotin complex (Vector), rinsed with PBS, and then reacted in 0.01% diaminobenzadine with 0.003% H2O2. All slides were counterstained with cresyl violet, dehydrated, cleared with Citrisolv (Fisher Scientific), and coverslipped under Permount (Fisher Scientific).
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4

Quantifying DG and CA3 Inactivation in Rats

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In order to examine the extent of DG- and CA3 inactivation, immunohistochemical staining of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) was performed. For this, rats were terminally anaesthetized with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal, Vetoquinol, UK) and perfused transcardially with 0.01 M PBS (pH 7.4) followed by paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution (4% PFA in PBS). Brains were removed and post-fixed for 18 hours in PFA. Coronal sections were made (60 µm) using a sliding microtome, for which brains were cryoprotected using 20% sucrose solution and rapidly frozen. Sections were collected in PB (0.01M, pH 7.4) and stained for NeuN using the primary antibody Mouse anti-NeuN (1:10.000; Vector) and secondary antibody biotinylated horse anti-mouse (1: 200; Vector). Chromogen development was performed using diaminobenzidine (DAB). The extent of tissue damage was microscopically assessed in every 6th section of the dorsal hippocampus and drawn onto atlas diagrams.
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5

Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis of Iron Metabolism and Neuroinflammation

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A polyclonal rabbit anti-hepcidin 25 (Abcam, ab30760), recognising a 2.8 kDa protein [53 (link)], monoclonal antibody (MAB) human anti-ferritin light chain (Abcam, ab69090), human anti-ferritin heavy chain (Abcam, ab65080), anti-DMT1 (Abcam, ab123085), anti-FPN (Abcam, ab85370), anti-CD42b (Abcam, ab104704), anti-rabbit polyclonal glycophorin (Abcam, ab196568), anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab48050), anti-CD68 (Sigma-Aldrich, AMAB98073), MAB anti-CD11b (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA, mAbM1/70), GFAP (Abcam, ab48050), MAB anti-Iba1 (Thermo Fisher, MAB M1/70), polyclonal anti-Iba1 (Wako, Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan, catalogue number 019-19741), MAB anti-IL-6 (Thermo Fisher, catalog number M620), MAB IL-1β (Thermo Fisher, ILB1-H67), MAB anti-β amyloid 42 (Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA, SIG 39320), anti-phospho-tau (AT8, Thermo Fisher, MN1020), SOD1 (Abcam, ab252426), S100β (Abcam, ab218514), RUNX1 (Sigma-Aldrich, HPA004176) and OLIG2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, sc-365644) were used for IHC or Western blotting. The following secondary antibodies were used: biotinylated goat anti-rabbit-Ig and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (both from Vector Laboratories, 1:250 for IHC), Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-mouse-Ig, Alexa Fluor 488-labelled donkey anti-rabbit-Ig and Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-goat-Ig (all from Invitrogen, 1:1000 for immunofluoresence).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurodegenerative Markers

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A polyclonal rabbit anti-hepcidin 25 (Abcam ab30760) recognising a 2.8 kDa protein (Raha-Chowdhury et al., 2015 (link)), human anti-ferritin light chain (Abcam ab69090), human anti-ferritin heavy chain (Abcam ab65080), Anti-FPN (Abcam ab85370), anti-GFAP (Abcam ab48050), anti-CD68 (Sigma–Aldrich, MAB98073), and monoclonal anti-Iba1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MAB M1/70), Polyclonal anti-Iba1(Wako cat number 019-19741), monoclonal anti-IL-6 (Thermo Fisher, cat number M620), monoclonal anti-IL-1β (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat number ILB1-H67), Anti-β amyloid (Covance cat number SIG 39320), Anti-Phospho-Tau (AT8, Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat number MN1020), was used for IHC. The following secondary antibodies were used: biotinylated goat anti-rabbit-Ig and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (both from Vector Laboratories, 1:250 for IHC); Alexa Fluor 568-labeled donkey anti-mouse-Ig, Alexa Fluor 488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit-Ig, and Alexa Fluor 568-labeled donkey anti-goat-Ig (all from Invitrogen, 1:1,000 for immunofluorescence).
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7

Antibody Validation for TREM2 and Amyloid-β Detection

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The following primary antibodies were used mouse monoclonal (MAB) anti-TREM2 (ab201621, MM0942-42E14) and rabbit monoclonal (ab209814) and other antibodies (Supplementary Table 1) from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The monoclonal anti-Aβ42 antibodies (6E10) (Signet laboratory) have been described previously [21, 28 ] and other antibodies used in this study are shown in Supplementary Table 1. The following secondary antibodies were used: biotinylated goat anti-rabbit and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (both from Vector Laboratories, 1 : 250 for IHC); Alexa Fluor 568-labeled donkey anti-mouse, Alexa Fluor 488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit, and Alexa Fluor 568-labeled donkey anti-goat (all from Invitrogen, 1 : 1000 for immunofluorescence).
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8

Multimarker Immunohistochemistry of Pancreatic Tissues

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For immunohistochemical detection of VDR, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, TUNEL, and Ki67, pancreas were fixed for 12–24 h in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. Sections were then incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: rat anti-mouse VDR (clone 9A7; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), guinea pig anti-porcine insulin (Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO), rabbit anti-human glucagon (Signet Laboratories, Dedham, MA), rabbit anti-somatostatin (Serotec, Oxford, U.K.), rabbit anti-human pancreatic polypeptide (ICN Biomedicals), and anti-Ki67 (BD Pharmingen). As secondary antibodies, peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), biotinylated goat anti-rabbit (Pierce, Rockford, IL), tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated goat anti-guinea pig (Molecular probes, Leiden, the Netherlands), biotinyilated goat anti-rabbit (Molecular Probes), biotinylated rabbit anti-rat (Dako), and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) antibodies were used. Streptavidin-conjugated Alexa 488 (Molecular Probes) or streptavidin-conjugated Alexa 568 (Molecular Probes) were used as fluorochromes. Images were obtained with a Nikon Eclipse 90i microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Developmental Markers

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Different two-step protocols for bright field or immunohistofluorescence (IHF) were conducted after ISH. Antibody cocktails were used as follows: (1) Incubation at 4°C for 72 h in a mixture of mouse anti-Pax7, mouse anti-Nkx2.2 or mouse anti-Isl1 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA, USA; diluted 1:500 in PB containing 0.5−1% Triton X-100 [PB-T]) (Table 3) after hybridization; (2) second incubation was for 90 min in biotinylated horse anti-mouse (1:100, Vector, Burlingame, CA, USA; catalog reference: BA-2000); and (3) the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) standard kit (Vector, Burlingame, CA, USA: SK4100) was used next as recommended by the manufacturer, with appropriate washing steps. In the case of immunohistofluorescence, second incubation was for 90 min in Alexa 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse (Molecular Probes; catalog reference A21042), followed by washing steps to finish the reaction. In some cases, single bright field IHC was performed for Nkx2.2 or Pax7 as above, without combination with ISH.
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10

Antibody Immunodetection of TREM2 and Amyloid-β

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The following primary antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal (mAb) anti-TREM2 (ab 201621, MM0942-42E14) and rabbit mAb anti-TREM2 (ab209814) and other antibodies (Table S2) from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The mAb anti-Aβ antibody (6E10) (Signet Laboratory) has been described previously [18 (link)]. Other antibodies used in this study including rabbit mAb anti-Aβ antibodies (Abcam ab201060) can be found in Supplementary Table 2. The following secondary antibodies were used: i.e., biotinylated goat anti-rabbit-Ig and biotinylated horse anti-mouse (both from Vector Laboratories, 1:250 for IHC); Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-mouse-Ig, Alexa Fluor 488-labelled donkey anti-rabbit-Ig; and Alexa Fluor 568-labelled donkey anti-goat-Ig (all from Invitrogen, 1:1000 for immunofluorescence).
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