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14 protocols using dynabeads m 270 carboxylic acid

1

Immobilizing Wnt3a Protein on Dynabeads

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Wnt3a was immobilized onto Dynabeads as described previously39 (link). Briefly, 2.8 μm Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid (Invitrogen) were activated by NHS/EDC (Sigma, 50 mg/ml each in cold 25 mM MES pH 5) then washed three times with cold MES buffer. Wnt immobilization was performed by diluting 0.5 μg of purified Wnt3a protein (Peprotech, #315-20) in cold MES buffer and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 1 hr. To quench non-reactive carboxylic acid groups, beads were incubated with 50 mM Tris pH 7.4 at RT for 15 min. Beads were washed twice in PBS pH 7.4 before final resuspension in 400 μl PBS/0.5% BSA and stored at 4 °C. Unloaded-beads were prepared in parallel by incubating 1 hr in MES without Wnt. Wnt3a activity following bead immobilization was verified using a TOPflash luciferase reporter assay53 (link).
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2

Magnetically Immobilized Immunoassay for CRP and P4

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Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK).
Superparamagnetic particles with a 2.8 µm diameter were purchased from Invitrogen (Paisley, UK) with two different surface functionalities: streptavidin (Dynabeads M-270 Streptavidin) and carboxylic acid (Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid). Biotin-4-fluorescein (λex = 494 nm, λem = 524 nm) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets were also purchased from Invitrogen.
Recombinant human C-reactive protein (CRP) and primary CRP antibody (1° anti-CRP; biotinylated mouse anti-human C-reactive protein) were purchased from R&D Systems (Abington, UK). Secondary CRP antibody tagged with a fluorescent label (2° anti-CRP-FITC; polyclonal goat anti-human C-reactive protein conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate, λex = 495 nm, λem = 521 nm) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) in PBS solution at a stock concentration of 1 mg·mL−1. Progesterone labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (P4-FITC, 1 mg·mL−1 stock solution) and progesterone antibody (anti-P4) were purchased from R&D Systems.
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3

Magnetic Bead Suspension Microfluidic Protocol

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Aqueous suspensions of magnetic beads with a mean diameter of 2.8 µm (Dynabeads M-270 carboxylic acid, by Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) were prepared at different concentrations (between 108 and 109 beads/mL). Before use, the magnetic beads were washed twice and stored in PBS (1× Phosphate buffered saline) solution. Fluorinated oil (FC40, by 3M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) mixed with 2% surfactant (Krytox 157 FSH, by Chemours, Wilmington, DE, USA) was used for droplet generation. The surfactant decreased the surface tension between the oil and the aqueous phase, allowing the generation of droplets and promoting their stability during motion [40 (link),41 (link)].
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4

Magnetic Bead Conjugation of PSR1 Peptoid

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The PSR1 beads were generated by chemical conjugation of a thiolated PSR1 peptoid derivative to magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid, Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA) as described previously [30 (link)] and were provided as a 30 mg/ml suspension of beads in bead storage buffer (1xPBS with 0.1% Sodium Azide, 0.01% Triton X-100). The PSR1 peptoid loading on the beads was measured by quantitative ninhydrin assay to be 9.88 nmol/mg of beads.
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5

Magnetic Bead-Based Capture Antibodies

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100 μL of approximately 30 mg/mL carboxylic acid coated magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid, Invitrogen) were transferred to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube and washed twice with 100 μL of 25 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES, pH 5, Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min. The beads were then activated with 50 μL of freshly prepared 50 mg/mL N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, Sigma-Aldrich) and 50 μL of 50 mg/mL N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, Sigma-Aldrich) with rotation at room temperature for 30 min. The activated beads were washed twice with 100 μL of 25 mM MES buffer (pH 5) and then mixed with 60 μg of anti-CEA capture antibody (10-C10F, Fitzgerald) or anti-EGFR capture antibody (DYC1854–2, R&D systems), respectively. After overnight incubation with rotation at 4 °C, the beads were magnetically collected to remove supernatant and blocked by 100 μL of 50 mM ethanolamine (Sigma-Aldrich) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Corning Cellgro) for 60 min at room temperature with rotation. Finally the capture antibody labelled magnetic beads were washed four times with 100 μL of washing buffer (0.1% BSA and 0.1% Tween-20 in PBS), resuspended in 200 μL PBS, and stored at 4 °C.
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6

Immobilization of Wnt3a Protein on Dynabeads

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Wnt3a was immobilized onto Dynabeads as described previously [55 (link)]. Briefly, 2.8 μm Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid (Invitrogen) were activated by NHS/EDC (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, 50 mg/mL each in cold 25 mM MES pH 5) then washed three times with cold 25 mM, pH5 5 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. Wnt immobilization was performed by diluting 0.5 μg of purified Wnt3a protein in cold MES buffer and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 1 h. To quench nonreactive carboxylic acid groups, beads were incubated with 50 mM Tris pH 7.4 at RT for 15 min. Beads were washed twice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4 before final resuspension in 400 μL PBS/0.5% BSA and stored at 4 °C. Unloaded-beads were prepared in parallel by incubating 1 h in MES without Wnt. Wnt3a activity following bead immobilization was verified using a TOPflash luciferase reporter assay [56 (link)].
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7

Antibody Conjugation to Dynabeads

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Dynabeads® M-270 Carboxylic Acid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) were activated by treatment with 3-(ethyliminomethyleneamino)-N,N-dimethyl-propan-1-amine (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. A 60 μg sample of antibody (anti-PH-20, anti-SP-10, anti-ADAM2 or anti-JLP; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was added to 3 mg of activated beads dissolved in 25 mmol/L 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), pH 5.0. The magnetic beads and antibody mixture was vortex mixed thoroughly and then incubated for 60 min at room temperature with slow tilt rotation. After incubation, the mixture was transferred to a magnet (Promega, Madison, WI). The beads were sufficiently collected in 2 min before the supernatant was removed. The beads were then incubated in 50 mmol/L Tris (pH 7.4) for 15 min to block the unreacted carboxylic acid groups, washed three times with reaction buffer (10 mmol/L PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin) containing 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20 and suspended in 100 μL of reaction buffer.
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8

AEGIS-LIVE Oligonucleotide Library Screening

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The AEGIS-LIVE experiment was performed on a synthetic library of GACTZP oligonucleotides containing 25 randomized positions flanked by two primer binding sites (59 nt in length, 5′-AGAGAGCGTCGTGTGGA-N25-TGAGGAGGTGCGCAAGT-3′).
PA was presented immobilized on magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-270 Carboxylic Acid, Invitrogen), binding oligonucleotides were recovered magnetically and AEGIS-PCR (10 (link),11 (link)) with a single biotinylated primer was performed directly on survivors bound to the bead-coupled PA63. Following amplification, single-stranded DNA was recovered with streptavidin immobilized on magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-270 Streptavidin, Invitrogen) and used in the next round of selection. The initial step was a negative selection on the magnetic beads lacking PA.
For each cycle, binding reactions were carried over for 30 min at RT. Negative cycle I and cycle I of the selection were performed using 1 nmole library and 3 nmoles PA63; all other cycles were performed with 150 pmoles ssDNA and 800 pmoles PA63. In vitro selection included fourteen cycles, at which point the library was prepared for conversion and deep sequencing.
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9

Immunomagnetic Particles for Bacterial Detection

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Magnetic beads (Dynabeads™ M-270 Carboxylic Acid, 30 mg/mL) purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Waltham, MA, USA)were used for the development of immunomagnetic particles in combination with three different antibodies for immune recognition: Anti-E. coli O + E. coli K (ab31499) Rabbit polyclonal antibody against all O and K antigenic serotypes of E.coli, Mouse monoclonal antibody against gram-positive bacteria (ab267414/ab20344), which reacts with gram-positive bacteria Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and Mouse monoclonal antibody against gram-negative Endotoxin (ab41201) as well as a Human Mannan Binding Lectin/MBL peptide (237–248) (Carboxyterminal end), which were all purchased from Abcam, Cambridge, UK.
Bacto™ Peptone (from BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), yeast extract, NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich), 2-[N-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid (MES), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS), Tween 20, Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) pH 7.4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and KCl were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Acridine orange hydrochloride hydrate (AO) was purchased from Merk. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained from a Millipore Direct-Q system.
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10

Peanut Allergen Isolation and Quantification

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All buffer reagents were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (The Netherlands). All solutions were prepared using deionised water purified with a Milli-Q Simplicity 185 system (Millipore).
Natural Ara h 1, extracted from light roasted peanut flour (purity < 95%), and monoclonal anti-Ara h 1 antibody 2C12 were purchased from Indoor Biotechnologies Limited (UK).
Carboxyl acid-coated superparamagnetic particles of 2.8 μm diameter (Dynabeads TM M-270 Carboxylic Acid) were acquired from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Norway).
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