Ribavirin

Manufactured by Selleck Chemicals

Sourced in United States

Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analog used as a laboratory reagent for research purposes. It functions as an inhibitor of viral RNA and DNA synthesis.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using ribavirin

HEV Infectious Virus Stock Generation

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The infectious cDNA clones of HEV G1 (pSK-HEV-2 from the Sar-55 strain) (15 (link)) and G3 (p6 from the Kernow-C1 strain) were generous gifts from Dr. Suzanne U. Emerson (NIH, Bethesda, MD), whereas the infectious cDNA clone of G4 (pHEV-4TW from the TW6196E strain) has been described previously (37 (link)). The Huh7-S10-3 cell line was also a gift from Dr. Emerson. S10-3 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% FBS (Gibco), penicillin (250 IU/mL) and streptomycin (250 μg/mL) at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO₂. MRT67307, BX795, and ribavirin were purchased from Selleck Chemicals, and peg-IFNα-2a was purchased from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals.
The G3 Kernow-C1 HEV infectious virus stock used for gerbil inoculation was rescued from the p6 infectious cDNA clones in S10-3 cells as described previously (16 (link), 36 (link)). The viral RNA titer of the rescued infectious HEV stock was determined by real-time qRT-PCR (56 (link)), with 6.83 × 10⁶ genome equivalents (GE) of viral RNA/100 μL medium, giving an infectivity of 1 fluorescent focus-forming unit (FFU)/5,618 GE, as determined previously (50 (link)).

Xu L.D., Zhang F., Chen C., Peng L., Luo W.T., Chen R., Xu P, & Huang Y.W. (2022). Revisiting the Mongolian Gerbil Model for Hepatitis E Virus by Reverse Genetics. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(2), e02193-21.

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Antiretroviral Compounds for Research

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Control compounds such as nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), and azidothymidine (AZT) were obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. Raltegravir (RAL), dolutegravir (DTG), nevirapine (NVP), indinavir (IDV), AZT, ribavirin (RBV), lopinavir (LPV), darunavir (DRV), tenofovir (TFV), lamivudine (3TC), didanosine (ddI), emtricitabine (FTC), abacavir (ABC), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETV), rilpivirine (RPV), and elvitegravir (EVG) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals.

Bonnard D., Le Rouzic E., Singer M.R., Yu Z., Le Strat F., Batisse C., Batisse J., Amadori C., Chasset S., Pye V.E., Emiliani S., Ledoussal B., Ruff M., Moreau F., Cherepanov P, & Benarous R. (2023). Biological and Structural Analyses of New Potent Allosteric Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 67(7), e00462-23.

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Inhibitor Screening in HEK293 and Vero E6 Cells

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The human embryonic kidney HEK293 and Vero E6 cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS (Atlanta Biologicals), 2 mM L-glutamine, 25 U/mL penicillin, and 25 μg/mL streptomycin. The cells were grown at 37 °C and 5% CO₂ in a humidified chamber. G418 and Hygromycin were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, United States). Inhibitors, namely remdesivir (GS-5734), rhoifolin, ribavirin, dasabuvir, penciclovir, and cytidine-5′-triphosphate were purchased from Selleck Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX, United States) and stored as 10 mM in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stock solutions at −20 °C. The final concentration of compounds was maintained constantly at 10 μM in the experiments unless mentioned. The mouse anti-Flag (M2, Sigma-Aldrich), and mouse anti-GAPDH (G8140, US Biological, Salem MA) antibodies were used in this study.

Uppal T., Tuffo K., Khaiboullina S., Reganti S., Pandori M, & Verma S.C. (2022). Screening of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals through a cell-based RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) reporter assay. Cell Insight, 1(4), 100046.

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Treating Viral Myocarditis in Mice

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BALB/c mice in each group were infected by an intraperitoneal injection with 1 × 10³ TCID₅₀ CVB3 on day 0. To examine the therapeutic effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Selleck), the solution of SAHA in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HOP-β-CD; Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared as previously described (22 (link)). Mice were orally administered daily with 50 mg/kg of body weight of SAHA, starting from the day of virus inoculation. In addition, trichostatin A (TSA; Selleck) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and injected intraperitoneally into mice at 0.5 mg/kg/day. Ribavirin (Selleck) was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and injected intraperitoneally into mice at 100 mg/kg/day.

Zhou L., He X., Gao B, & Xiong S. (2015). Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Aggravates Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis by Promoting Viral Replication and Myocardial Apoptosis. Journal of Virology, 89(20), 10512-10523.

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HEV Infectious Virus Stock Generation

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Epigenetic Modulation of EZH2 Function

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The chemicals used for treating cells were GSK126 (Selleckchem, S7061), EPZ6438 (Selleckchem, S7128), Sappanone A (Cayman Chemicals, 23205), MPA (Selleckchem, S2487), Ribavirin (Selleckchem, S2504), DZNep (Sigma, S804983) and MS1943 (MedChemExpress, HY-133129); all are listed in Table S1. S1. pCMVHA hEZH2 and V5-EZH2 vector was used to generate EZH2-H689A mutant vector using the mutagenesis primers listed in Table S1 with QuikChange II site-directed mutagenesis kit (Agilent) following the manufacturer's instructions. Custom designed siRNA oligonucleotides listed in Table S1 were purchased from Bioneer Pacific. For transient transfection, 25x10 4 cells were transfected with 2.5 µg of DNA using Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (Invitrogen). For siRNA experiments, 25x10 4 cells were transfected with 10 nM of the indicated oligonucleotides in Table S1 using the Lipofectamine RNAiMAX transfection reagent (Invitrogen). 72 hours after siRNA transfection, cells were used for functional assays or collected for western blot analysis.

Abali G.K., Noguchi F., Szeto P., Zhang Y., Huang C., Barlow C.K., Pomilio G., Chew C., Moghaddam S.M., Zhao P., Andrews M.C., Leece I., Cheung J.G., Ameratunga M., Wong N.C., Schittenhelm R.B., Wei A.H., & Shackleton M. (2021). Cytosolic EZH2-IMPDH2 complex regulates melanoma progression and metastasis via GTP regulation.

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