Advanced DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) (Gibco, Life Technologies Ltd., UK), nicotine hydrogen tartrate (BDH Chemicals Ltd., Poole, England), cadmium 1000 mg/L (Jobin Yvon SAS, Longjumeau, France), DMSO (VWR Chemicals, France), sodium chloride, potassium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from Scharlab S.L., Spain. Other consumables including culture flasks, tubes, and disposable pipettes were purchased from Corning, NY, USA.
Potassium chloride (kcl)
Manufactured by Scharlab
Sourced in Spain, Germany, Lithuania
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. KCl is primarily used as a source of the potassium and chloride ions, which are essential for various experimental and analytical procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Scharlab (6 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Scharlab (3 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
Potassium phosphate monobasic, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
Q pod dispenser, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Avantor (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium acetate trihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid h2so4 95, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Disposable pipettes, by Corning (1 mentions)
Culture flask, by Corning (1 mentions)
Dibutyl sebacate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
16 protocols using potassium chloride (kcl)
1
Cytotoxicity Assay in Cell Culture
2
Microcontainer Fabrication and Perfusion Studies
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Amoxicillin trihydrate was bought from TCI (Tokyo, Japan) and Eudragit® L100 was acquired from Evonik Industries (Essen, Germany). Dibutyl sebacate, isopropanol and potassium phosphate monobasic for the HPLC mobile phase were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was bought from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).
The negative epoxy based photoresist SU-8 was used for production of microcontainers. Formulations with two different viscosities were used (i.e., SU-8 2035 and 2075) and the cross-linked structures were developed in Developer mr-Dev 600. Resist and developer were purchased from Micro Resist Technology GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Single-side polished ø100 mm Si substrates with a thickness of 525 µm were acquired from Topsil Globalwafers A/S (Frederikssund, Denmark).
For the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) used in the in situ perfusion studies, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic and potassium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Animals were from Charles River Laboratories (Quebec, QC, Canada). Sylgaard 184 silicone elastomer kit was purchased from Dow Chemical (Midland, MI, USA). Ultrapure water used throughout the studies was obtained from a Q-POD® dispenser (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
The negative epoxy based photoresist SU-8 was used for production of microcontainers. Formulations with two different viscosities were used (i.e., SU-8 2035 and 2075) and the cross-linked structures were developed in Developer mr-Dev 600. Resist and developer were purchased from Micro Resist Technology GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Single-side polished ø100 mm Si substrates with a thickness of 525 µm were acquired from Topsil Globalwafers A/S (Frederikssund, Denmark).
For the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) used in the in situ perfusion studies, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic and potassium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Animals were from Charles River Laboratories (Quebec, QC, Canada). Sylgaard 184 silicone elastomer kit was purchased from Dow Chemical (Midland, MI, USA). Ultrapure water used throughout the studies was obtained from a Q-POD® dispenser (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
3
Detailed Characterization of MPA Compounds
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The MPA (M.W. 320.3 g/mol) was obtained from AK Scientific (Union City, CA, USA). The CUR and MPA-CUR (purity > 98% by HPLC) were prepared and characterized in our laboratory using the previously published method [2 (link),9 (link)]. The analytical grades of formic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were bought from Carlo Erba (Parc d’affaire des Portes, Val de Reuil, France). The HPLC grade of acetonitrile and methanol was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, Leicester, UK). The reagent-grade glacial acetic acid, potassium chloride, and monobasic potassium phosphate were obtained from Scharlab (Sentmenat, Barcelona, Spain). The quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate USP standard (Lot no. R071S0, purity 100%) was purchased from USP. The ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q® integral water purification system (Milli-Q, MA, USA). The hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Carlo Erba (Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain). The hydrochloric acid (37% w/v) was purchased from QRëc (Auckland, New Zealand).
4
Corneal Drug Delivery Protocol
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CPXb was bought from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA), and CPXs was acquired from Cayman Chemical Company (Michigan, USA). Soluplus was kindly donated by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin from bovine skin, and chitosan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA), and propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were purchased from Fagron Iberica (Barcelona, Spain). Organic solvents such as DMSO and chloroform were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). For the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) used, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic, and potassium phosphate monobasic were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water used throughout the studies was obtained from a Q-POD dispenser (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Acetonitrile for the HPLC mobile phase was purchased VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Dialysis membranes (Spectra/Por molecular porous membrane tubing) for in vitro release studies were acquired from Repligen (MA, USA). Corneas were from porcine eyes procured from a local slaughterhouse Mercavalencia (Valencia, Spain).
5
VEGF-165 Aptamer Biosensor Protocol
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VEGF-165 (VEGF, 100 µg/mL) were purchased from the Takapouzist Company (Tehran, Iran). VEGF-aptamer and fam-labeled probes were synthesized by MDBio Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan), the sequences of those were as shown in Table 1 . Streptavidin magnetic beads (4 μg/mL, 1 µm) were purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). Ethanol, 2,2′,2″,2‴-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo) tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol (TRIS-base) were purchased from J.T.Bake® (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). The ddH2O was prepared by the Milli-Q® system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Methanol (analytical grade reagent) and magnesium chloride were purchased from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium chloride was purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Sodium chloride was purchased from PanReac AppliChem ITW reagents (Barcelona, Spain).
6
Ultra-pure Water and Reagent Preparation for Electrochemical Sensing
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Ultra-pure H2O was obtained by Crystal 7 water purification system received from Adrona (Riga, Latvia). The conductivity of purified water was 0.055 μS/cm. The pyrrole was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and was distilled before use. Methylene blue from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany), lactose (Lac) from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), sucrose (Suc) from Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany), heparin (Hep) from Rotexmedica (Trittau, Germany), and acetone from Reachem (Petržalka, Slovakia) were of analytical grade and were used as obtained. Ammonium hydroxide (27%) and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Xanthine derivatives used in this study were theophylline, caffeine from Sigma Aldrich (Germany), and theobromine from Alfa Aesar (Germany).
Britton–Robinson buffer (BRB) solution [33 (link)] was made of 0.01 M boric acid from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), 0.01 M acetic acid from Carl Roth (Germany), and 0.01 M phosphoric acid from Fluka (Germany). The ionic strength of BRB was supported with 0.1 M potassium chloride from Scharlau (Spain). The pH of solutions to the required value was adjusted with 1 M sodium hydroxide from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Britton–Robinson buffer (BRB) solution [33 (link)] was made of 0.01 M boric acid from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), 0.01 M acetic acid from Carl Roth (Germany), and 0.01 M phosphoric acid from Fluka (Germany). The ionic strength of BRB was supported with 0.1 M potassium chloride from Scharlau (Spain). The pH of solutions to the required value was adjusted with 1 M sodium hydroxide from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
7
Electrochemical Assay Reagents and Buffers
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Ab-HRP was obtained from the ELISA kit produced by Institut Pourquier (Montpellier, France). Hydrogen peroxide, K4[Fe(CN)6] K3[Fe(CN)6] was delivered by Carl Roth GmbH (Berlin, Germany). In addition, 25% of glutaraldehyde solution was delivered by Fluka Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Moreover, 98.5% of ethanol solution from “Vilniaus degtinė” (Vilnius, Lithuania) was used for electrodes and plastic cells cleaning.
The supporting electrolyte for the electrochemical experiments was 0.1 M acetate- phosphate buffer (A-PBS), pH 6.5, which was prepared using NaH2PO4 from Fluka Chemie GmbH (Bucharest, Romain), Na2HPO4 from Carl Roth GmbH (Berlin, Germany), KCl from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), and CH3COONa from Merk (Tokyo, Japan). The pH was adjusted with CH3COOH from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany) or NaOH from Merk (Steinheimm, Germany).
The supporting electrolyte for the electrochemical experiments was 0.1 M acetate- phosphate buffer (A-PBS), pH 6.5, which was prepared using NaH2PO4 from Fluka Chemie GmbH (Bucharest, Romain), Na2HPO4 from Carl Roth GmbH (Berlin, Germany), KCl from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), and CH3COONa from Merk (Tokyo, Japan). The pH was adjusted with CH3COOH from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany) or NaOH from Merk (Steinheimm, Germany).
8
Biochemical Assay of GST Adducts
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All chemicals used were of analytical grade and were prepared with ultra-high quality deionized water. Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA, (Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigmaaldrich.com , St. Louis. MI, USA). Aqueous solutions of the following reagents, prepared by direct weighing of the species indicated and dissolution in water until the desired concentration was reached: Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O and Thioacetamide, C2H5NS, 99% (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), NaOH, KCl, KH2PO4 and Quinine sulfate (2:1) (salt) dihydrate (Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain): 10−5 mol/L solution in 0.5 H2SO4, NaCl (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain), Na2HPO4·12H2O (Prolabo, Barcelona, Spain, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Anti-GST (vial 250 µg) Immunostep, SL (Salamanca, Spain). Human IVTT reagents from ThermoFischerScientific. (Waltham, MA, USA).
9
Bacterial Zinc Solubilization Evaluation
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The bacterial ability to solubilize Zinc was evaluated using Tris-mineral agar medium containing 1 L of distilled water: D-glucose 10.0 g, (NH4)2SO4 1.0 g, KCl 0.2 g, K2HPO4 0.1 g, MgSO4 0.2 g (Scharlau, Casablanca, Morocco), pH = 6.75 ± 0.25. The media were amended with three different sources of insoluble zinc compounds (Sigma-Aldrich) mainly zinc oxide (ZnO) (15.23 mM), zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) (5.0 mM), and zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) (5.2 mM) at a 0.1% Zn final concentration [41 (link)]. The selected bacterium was spotted on each Tris-mineral medium and plates were incubated at 30 °C for 10 days. Zinc solubilizers showed a clear halo zone around the colony. The experiment was performed in triplicate.
10
Characterization of Cell Culture Components
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Medium 199 was purchased from GIBCO® (Thermo Fisher Scientific., Waltham, MA, USA); fetal bovine serum from PAA Laboratories GmbH, Cölbe, Germany; streptomycin from Amresco (Cleveland, OH, USA); HEPES from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany; NaHCO3 from Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA; anhydrous D-glucose, CaCl2⋅2H2O, MgCl2⋅6H2O, KCl, NaCl, DMSO, TRIS, chloroform, cylcohexane, and toluene from Scharlau, Barcelona; 2,7-dichlorodihydroflurescein diacetate from Invitrogen (USA) methanol, trichloroacetic acid, thiobarbituric acid, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), guanidine hydrochloride, bovine serum albumin (essentially fatty acid-free), 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), and penicillin G from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA); and petroleum ether and diethyl ether from Riedel-de Haen, Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). The equipments used were centrifuge (Eppendorf 5424, Hamburg, Germany), microscope (Micros, Carinthia, Austria), incubator (Memmert, Schwabach, Germany), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance spectrometer from TENSOR 27™ Bruker (Milan, Italy), and gas chromatograph from Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Japan). Our institute ethics committee/institutional review board does not require approvals for these kinds of studies.
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